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. 2022 Aug 10;11(16):2480. doi: 10.3390/cells11162480

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on CSF and plasma samples and evaluation of NfL and MMPS levels in neuro-COVID group. (A) Among COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms (neuro-COVID group), the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on CSF and plasma samples was performed using RT-PCR and ddPCR. (B) Evaluation of CSF NfL levels in COVID-19 patients with severe neurological symptoms (neuro-COVID group) stratified according to ddPCR positivity on CSF and plasma. (C) Evaluation of plasma NfL levels in COVID-19 patients with severe neurological symptoms (neuro-COVID group) stratified according to ddPCR positivity on CSF and plasma. (D) Evaluation of CSF MMP-2 levels in COVID-19 patients with severe neurological symptoms (neuro-COVID group) stratified according to ddPCR positivity on CSF and plasma. (E) Evaluation of CSF MMP-9 levels in COVID-19 patients with severe neurological symptoms (neuro-COVID group) stratified according to ddPCR positivity on CSF and plasma. Horizontal lines represent medians. SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; ddPCR: droplet digital polymerase chain reaction; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; NfL: neurofilament light chain; MMP-2: matrix metalloprotease-9; MMP-9: matrix metalloprotease-9.