Table 1.
Results of the included studies.
| Author (Year) |
Subjects Program | Intervention | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and Gender (y) |
E (n) |
C (n) |
Duration (wk/m) |
Frequency (Sessions/ (wk/) |
Time (min/ Session) |
E Training Content |
Testing Content | Results after Intervention |
|
| Sekulic et al. (2006) [23] |
7, M |
Judo (n = 41) |
Sports games (n = 57) |
9 m | 3 | 45 | Judo training |
COR (10 m polygon test); AGL (4 × 1.98 m shuttle run test); FLEX (maximal circumduction, sit and reach); SP (20 m sprint); LLES (standing long jump); CREN (3 min run); MEN (flexed-arm hang, 1 min of sit-ups). |
All variables (E, C) ↑*; AGL, E↔*; FLEX, E↔*; MEN, E↔*; COR, (E, C) ↔. |
| Krstulović et al. (2010) [24] |
7, F |
Judo (n = 30) |
Sports games (n = 49) |
9 m | 3 | 45 | Judo training |
COR (10 m polygon test); AGL (4 × 1.98 m shuttle run test); FLEX (maximal circumduction, sit and reach); SP (20 m sprint); LLES (standing long jump); CREN (3 min run); MEN (flexed-arm hang, 1 min of sit-ups). |
All variables (E, C) ↑*; AGL, E ↔*; FLEX, E ↔*; MEN, E ↔*; MS, E ↔*; COR, (E, C) ↔. |
| Boguszevski and Socha (2011) [7] |
4.5–6.5, M and F |
Karate (n = 30) |
Corrective gymnastics (n = 30); inactive (n = 28) |
6 m | 3 | 60 | Karate training |
RS (20 s of sit-ups); ULES (throwing 1 kg medicine ball); LLES (long jump from the start line); AGL (4 × 5 m shuttle run); FLEX (test “fingers-floor”). |
ULES, E (G) ↑*, E(B) ↑; LLES, E (G) ↔*; RS, ↔; AGL, E (G) ↑; FLEX, E (G) ↔*. |
| Demiral (2011) [25] |
7–12, M and F |
Judo, (n = 38), |
Judo (n = 31) |
12 m | ND | ND | Judo training |
BAL (“Flamingo” balance test); COR (coordination test, rapidity test); LLES (standing long lump); ULES (medical ball throws); SP (running speed test); S (grip and back power test). |
LLES, E (B, G) ↑*; (B, G) ↔*; ULES, E (B) ↑*; BAL, E (B, G) ↑*; COR, E (B, G) ↑*, G ↔*; SP, E (B, G) ↑*, B ↔*; S, E (B, G) ↑*. |
| Alesi et al. (2014) [4] |
9–10, M and F |
Karate (n = 19) |
Inactive (n = 20) |
8 wk | 3 | 60 | Karate training |
AGL (coordination skills with hurdles); LLES (standing broad jump); SP (20 m sprint). |
AGL, (E, C) ↔*; LLES, (E, C) ↔*; SP, (E, C) ↔*. |
| Padulo et al. (2014) [26] |
8–12, M |
High-intensity karate (n = 53) |
Low-intensity karate (n = 20) |
1 wk | 14 | 60 | Karate training |
ULES (sitting medicine ball throw); LLES (standing long jump); AGL (frontal/lateral jumps); FLEX (“active” joint flexibility). |
ULES, (E, C) ↔*, C ↑; LLES, (E, C) ↔*, E ↑*, C ↑; AGL, (E, C) ↔*, E ↑*, C ↑; FLEX, (E, C) ↔*, E ↑*, C ↑; |
| Mroczkowski (2015) [27] | 7–10, M |
Aikido and PE classes (n = 66) |
PE classes (n = 41) |
9 m | 3 | 60 | Aikido training |
FLEX of hip (“samurai walk”). | FLEX c1-TAOR (Lh), (E, C) ↔*, E ↑*; c2- AOER (Lh), E ↑; c3- AOIR (Lh), (E, C) ↔*, (E, C) ↑*; c4- TAOR (Rh), (E, C) ↔ *, E ↑*; c5- AOER (Rh), E ↑*; c6- AOIR (Rh), (E, C) ↑. |
| Pop et al. (2017) [28] | 9–10, M |
Aikido and PE classes (n = 5) |
PE classes (n = 5) |
8 m | 3 | 60–90 | Aikido training |
BAL (“Flamingo” balance test); CREN (beep test, 20 m); SP (TRANSFER running 10 × 5 m at speed). |
BAL, (E, C) ↔; CREN, (E, C) ↔; SP, (E, C) ↔*. |
| Ma and Qu, (2017) [29] |
8–12, M |
Karate (n = 51) |
/ | 8 wk | 7 | 5 | Karate training | RS (30 s of sit-ups); LLES (standing long jump); ULES (throwing a medicine ball); AGL (4 × 5 m shuttle run); FLEX (sit and reach). |
LLES, ↑*; RS, E ↑; AGL, ↑*; FLEX, ↔. |
| Pavlova et al. (2018) [16] |
5–6, M |
Karate (n = 33) |
PE classes (n = 38) |
12 m | 3 | 45–60 | Karate training |
LLES (standing long jump); ULES (medical ball throws); EN (jumping with a rope to fatigue); RS (max. number of squats to fatigue); BAL (“flamingo” balance test). |
LLES, (E, C) ↑*; ULES, E ↑*; RS, (E, C) ↑*; BAL, (E, C) ↑*; EN, (E, C) ↑*. |
| Pathare et al. (2018) [30] |
6–12, M and F |
Taekwondo HW (n = 11), OW (n = 6) |
/ | 10 wk | 2 | 50 | Taekwondo training |
LLES (just jump system, vertical jump); BAL (force plate (Watertown, Mass.) bipedal/normal stance eyes open and closed, single stance eyes open (30 s)); FLEX (sit and reach test); PH activity (Yamax SW-701 pedometer). |
LLES, (HW, OW) ↔*; PH activity, (HW, OW) ↔; LLES, (HW, OW) ↔; BAL, (OW, HW) ↔, OW ↑; FLEX, (HW, OW) ↓*, ↔. |
| Top et al. (2018) [31] | 7–10, M and F |
Taekwondo B (n = 13), G (n = 9) |
Inactive B (n = 12) G (n = 8) |
12 wk | 3 | 60 | Taekwondo training | S (knee push-ups, sit-ups, wall sit); COR (touching nose with a finger); LLES (standing long jump); BAL (single leg balance test with closed and open eyes); AGL (shuttle run, stepping sideways, one-legged stationary hop, one-legged side hop, and two-legged side hop). |
COR, (E, C) ↔, E ↑*; S, LLES, (E, C) ↔*, E ↑*; AGL, (E, C) ↔*. |
| Rutkowski et al. (2019) [2] |
7.6 ± 0.4 M and F |
Karate B/N (n = 15), G/N (n = 15), B/O (n = 15), G/O (n = 14). |
/ | 10 wk | 2 | 60 | Karate training | EUROFIT FITNESS TEST: BAL; Arm SP; Abdominal MS; LLES; FLEX (sit and reach test). |
BAL, B/N ↑*; Arm SP, B/N ↑*; (G/N, G/O) ↔*, (B/N, B/O) ↔*; (G/O, B/N) ↔*; Torso MS; (G/O, B/O) ↔*, G/O ↓; LLES, G/N ↔*; FLEX, B/N ↓*, G/N ↔*. |
| Brasil et al. (2020) [32] |
8–13, M |
Judo (n = 35), 20 Ob, 15 NOb. |
/ | 12 wk | 2 | 60 | Judo training |
CPET treadmill: 1. VO2peak; 2. HR at VO2peak. |
VO2peak, E (Ob) ↓; HR at VO2peak, E ↔*. |
| Kyrpenko et al. (2020) [18] |
10–12, M |
Karate (n = 27) |
Inactive (n = 29) |
24 m | ND | ND | Karate training | CREN (1000 m running); Arm S (pull-up on the crossbar); LLES (long jump from place); AGL (4 × 9 m shuttle run); FLEX (body leaning forward); VO2max |
CREN, E ↑*; LLES, E ↑*; AGL, (E, C) ↑*; FLEX, ↔; VO2max, E ↑*. |
| Pinto-Escalona et al. (2021) [5] |
7–8, M and F |
Karate (n = 388) |
PE classes (n = 333) |
12 m | 2 | 60 | Karate training | CREF (20 m shuttle run test); FLEX (frontal split test); BAL (Y balance test). |
CREF, E; FLEX, E; BAL, E. |
Legend: M—male; F—female; E—experimental group; C—control group; wk—week; m—month; ND—not defined; PE—physical education; B—boys; G—girls; B/N—boys of normal weight; G/N—girls of normal weight; B/O—overweight boys; G/O—overweight girls; Ob—obese; NOb—non-obese; PH—physical; HW—healthy weight; OW—overweight; S—strength; MS—muscle strength; ES—explosive strength; ULES—upper limb explosive strength; LLES—lower limb explosive strength; RS—repetitive strength; COR—coordination; AGL—agility; FLEX—flexibility; SP—speed; BAL—balance; EN—endurance; MEN—muscular endurance; CREN—cardiorespiratory endurance; CREF—cardiorespiratory fitness; FMS—functional movement screen; CPET—cardiopulmonary exercise testing; TAOR—total angle of rotation; AOER—angle of external rotation; AOIR—angle of internal rotation; Lh—left hip; Rh—right hip; ↑—increased (↑*– significantly increased); ↓—decreased (↓*– significantly decreased); ↔—no significant difference; ↔*—significant difference; (E, C)—between groups E and C.