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. 2022 Aug 22;29(8):5963–5987. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29080471

Figure 5.

Figure 5

A partial mechanism of action of CTSK in lung cancer. Two pathways of CTSK expression are elucidated: first, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) acts as an efficient substrate for CTSK to activate the PI3K and Ras proteins. Second, CTSK is expressed by directly activating the mTOR signaling pathway, mainly the mTORC1 complex.