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Endothelial cells (ECs) fulfill specific physiologic functions such as actively regulating permeability, vascular tone, coagulation, and fibrinolysis factor equilibrium, the composition of the subendothelial matrix, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and cytokine release. Dysfunctional endothelium, mainly due to high levels of ROS, is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes.
