Table 7.

Immunotherapy clinical trials aimed at the innate immune system for GBM.

Target	Study Title	Phase	Size	Intervention	Primary Outcome	Reference
MDSC	Targeting Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Recurrent Glioblastoma: Phase 0/1 Trial of Low Dose Capecitabine + Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma	0/1	4	Capecitabine + bevacizumab	MDSC reduction ranging between 20% and 79% from baseline	NCT02669173
	A Phase I/II, Open-label, Multi-center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of BLZ945 as Single Agent and in Combination With PDR001 in Adults Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors	1/2	146	CSF1R inhibitor (BLZ945) with vs. without PD1 blockade (PDR001)	MTD, 6 mo PFS	NCT02829723
	A Phase 2 Study of Orally Administered PLX3397 in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma	2	38	CSF1R inhibitor (PLX3397)	6 mo PFS = 8.6%	NCT01349036
Niacin (ongoing)	A Phase I-II Study of Niacin in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Receiving Concurrent Radiotherapy and Temozolomide Followed by Monthly Temozolomide	1/2	59	Niacin + RT + TMZ	MTD, 6mo PFS	NCT04677049
Gamma delta cells (ongoing)	A Phase I Study of Drug Resistant Immunotherapy (DRI) With Activated, Gene Modified γδ T Cells in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme Receiving Maintenance Temozolomide Chemotherapy	1	12	Gene-modified gamma delta T cells	MTD	NCT04165941

MDSC = myeloid-derived suppressor cells; PD1 = programmed death 1; CSF1R = colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor; RT = radiation therapy; TMZ = temozolomide; PFS = progression-free survival; MTD = maximum tolerated dose.