Table 5.
Characteristics of the included studies which employed PSMA radioligands in renal cell carcinoma.
| First Author and Year | Type | Country | N. Patients | Tracer | Histopathological Subtype (N. Patients) |
Clinical Setting (N. Patients) |
Analysed Lesions | Comparator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rowe 2015 [48] | Prospective | USA | 5 | 18F-DCFPyL (I) | 5 clear cell | Restaging in metastatic patients naive to systemic therapies | 29 | CT and MRI |
| Rhee 2016 [49] | Prospective | Australia | 10 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 8 clear cell 1 papillary 1 unclassified |
Staging in metastatic patients | 86 | CT |
| Sawicki 2016 [50] | Retrospective | Germany | 6 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 4 clear cell 1 papillary 1 chromophobe |
Staging in metastatic patients | 22 | / |
| Siva 2017 [51] | Retrospective | Australia | 8 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 7clear cell 1 papillary |
2 staging 5 restaging for suspect recurrence 2 staging and restaging after therapy |
18F-FDG PET/CT | |
| Yin 2018 [52] | Prospective | USA | 8 | 18F-DCFPyL (I) | 3 papillary 2 chromophobe 2 unclassified 1 xp11 translocation |
Restaging in metastatic patients previously treated with multiple lines of systemic therapy | 73 | CT MRI |
| Meyer 2019 [53] | Prospective | USA | 14 | 18F-DCFPyL (I) | 14 clear cell | Staging in oligometastatic patients | 47 | CT MRI |
| Raveenthiran 2019 [54] | Retrospective | Australia | 38 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 28 clear cell 1 oncocytoma 1 papillary 1 chromophobe 1 TCC 6 unknown |
16 primary staging 32 restaging of suspected recurrent disease |
51 | / |
| Gao 2020 [55] | Retrospective | China | 36 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 36 clear cell | Untreated primary renal cell carcinoma | / | / |
| Liu 2020 [56] | Retrospective | China | 15 | 18F-DCFPyL (I) | 15 clear cell | Post-operative restaging | 42 | 18F-FDG PET/CT |
| Gühne 2021 [57] | Prospective | Germany | 8 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 8 clear cell |
Post-operative restaging | 12 | CT |
| Mittlemeier 2021 [58] | Retrospective | Germany | 11 | 18F-PSMA-1007 (I) | 8 clear cell 2 papillary 1 undifferentiated |
Response assessment after therapy | / | CT |
| Golan 2021 [59] | Prospective | Israel | 29 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 18 clear cell 4 papillary 2 chromophobe 2 oncocytoma 2 angiomyolipoma 1 mixed epithelial and stromal tumour |
Dynamic PET/CT in the evaluation of localized renal masses. | 29 | / |
| Gao 2022 [60] | Retrospective | China | 48 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 37 clear cell 4 papillary 3 chromophobe 4 unclassified |
Staging and comparison between PET parameters with VEGFR-2/PDGFR-β expression | 48 | / |
| Li 2022 [61] | Retrospective | China | 31 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 40 clear cell 3 papillary 1 chromophobe 1 mucinous 1 poorly differentiated 4 Others |
Staging in metastatic patients | 94 | CT MRI |
| Meng 2022 [62] | Retrospective | China | 53 | 68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) | 40 clear cell 5 papillary 4 chromophobe 4 other |
Staging | 53 | / |
| Tariq 2022 [63] | Retrospective | Australia | 11 |
68Ga-PSMA-11 (I) 18F-PSMA-1007 (I) |
10 clear cell 1 unclassified |
4 staging 7 restaging |
/ | CT MRI |
PET: positron emission tomography, CT: computed tomography, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, PSMA: prostate-specific membrane antigen, DCFPyL: piflufolastat, FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose, TCC: transitional cell cancer, VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, PDGFR: platelet derived growth factor receptor, I: imaging, T: therapy.