Table 2.
The odds ratio of depressive symptoms for different variables by gender.
| Variables | Depression Symptoms (SDS ≥ 50) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | |||||||
| Adjusted OR | 95%CI | p | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | p | |||
| Sleep quality (PSQI) | ||||||||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Poor | 44.33 | 30.63 | 64.16 | <0.001 | 7.30 | 6.09 | 8.76 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 20 | 1.23 | 1.02 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 1.02 | 0.88 | 1.19 | 0.802 |
| 21 | 1.15 | 0.93 | 1.41 | 0.205 | 1.13 | 0.95 | 1.34 | 0.169 |
| 22 | 1.68 | 1.34 | 2.09 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 1.09 | 0.222 |
| Urban and rural | ||||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Rural | 1.29 | 1.08 | 1.54 | 0.006 | 1.08 | 0.93 | 1.25 | 0.294 |
| One-child family | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| No | 1.79 | 1.53 | 2.11 | <0.001 | 1.71 | 1.45 | 2.02 | <0.001 |
| BMI | ||||||||
| Underweight | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Normal | 1.13 | 0.88 | 1.45 | 0.355 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 1.11 | 0.479 |
| Overweight | 0.98 | 0.74 | 1.31 | 0.903 | 0.80 | 0.61 | 1.05 | 0.101 |
| Obese | 1.10 | 0.83 | 1.47 | 0.505 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 1.26 | 0.781 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| No | 1.77 | 1.41 | 2.23 | <0.001 | 2.68 | 2.09 | 3.42 | <0.001 |
| Screen time | ||||||||
| ≤2 h/d | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| >2 h/d | 1.88 | 1.58 | 2.23 | <0.001 | 1.95 | 1.67 | 2.28 | <0.001 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.53 | 1.27 | 1.83 | <0.001 | 1.54 | 1.27 | 1.85 | <0.001 |
| Father’s education | ||||||||
| College and above | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Elementary school and below | 1.89 | 1.42 | 2.52 | <0.001 | 1.84 | 1.44 | 2.35 | <0.001 |
| Middle school | 1.41 | 1.07 | 1.84 | 0.013 | 1.50 | 1.20 | 1.87 | <0.001 |
| Mother’s education | ||||||||
| College and above | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Elementary school and below | 1.97 | 1.40 | 2.77 | <0.001 | 3.88 | 2.69 | 5.59 | <0.001 |
| Middle school | 1.70 | 1.21 | 2.40 | 0.002 | 3.45 | 2.40 | 4.97 | <0.001 |
| SES | ||||||||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Low | 2.23 | 1.70 | 2.92 | <0.001 | 2.05 | 1.61 | 2.62 | <0.001 |
| Medium | 1.35 | 1.08 | 1.70 | 0.009 | 1.28 | 1.06 | 1.54 | 0.011 |
Note: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SDS, self-rating depression scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; BMI, body mass index; SES, socioeconomic status. The division of different variables is described in the research methods section.