Table 3:

Model Results for Aggressive Behavior

	Full sample		Males with ASD		Females with ASD
	β	t-value	β	t-value	β	t-value
Level 1: Child Demographic Factors
Age	−0.24	−2.72**	−0.43	−3.74***	−0.09	−0.64
Race	−0.03	−0.39	−0.03	−0.26	−0.01	−0.10
Level 2: Family Factors
Household Annual Income ϯ
- 100 to 170% of median	−0.06	−0.55	−0.14	−0.93	0.09	0.51
- Over 170% of median	−0.27	−2.27*	−0.19	−1.18	−0.31	−1.61
Maternal Education ϯϯ
- Bachelor’s degree	0.03	0.31	0.02	0.17	0.01	0.06
- More than bachelor’s degree	−0.14	−1.38	−0.18	−1.34	−0.19	−1.12
Paternal Education ϯϯ
- Bachelor’s degree	0.08	0.78	0.07	0.53	0.10	0.55
- More than bachelor’s degree	0.23	2.27*	0.23	1.75	0.25	1.42
Level 3: Child Communication Skills
DAS-II Verbal	−0.14	−1.12	−0.22	−1.18	−0.03	−0.12
CELF-4 Core language	0.16	1.17	0.17	0.83	0.06	0.26
Vineland-II Communication	−0.34	−3.42**	−0.47	−3.78***	−0.29	−1.66

Note.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.

^ϯRelative to income below median.

^ϯϯRelative to less than college degree. DAS-II = Differential Ability Scales, 2^nd edition (Elliott, 2007). CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, 4^th edition (Semel et al., 2003).