Table 4.
Associations between various baseline characteristics and the likelihood of sustained adherence to the Mediterranean diet over 10 years of follow-up.
| Total Sample (n = 2583) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 1 year increase) | 0.942 | 0.927–0.956 | <0.001 |
| Sex (males vs. females) | 0.163 | 0.110–0.241 | <0.001 |
| SES (medium vs. low) (high vs. low) |
1.121 1.404 |
0.601–2.093 0.744–2.649 |
0.719 0.295 |
| Smoking (current smokers vs. non-smokers) | 0.914 | 0.657–1.272 | 0.595 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.756 | 0.715–0.799 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (per 100 MET-min/week increase) | 1.000 | 0.999–1.020 | 0.067 |
| <40 years (n = 1304) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
| Sex (males vs. females) | 0.192 | 0.128–0.288 | <0.001 |
| SES (medium vs. low) (high vs. low) |
0.686 0.729 |
0.304–1.550 0.320–1.663 |
0.365 0.453 |
| Smoking (current smokers vs. non-smokers) | 0.954 | 0.669–1.361 | 0.797 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.777 | 0.734–0.822 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (per 100 MET-min/week increase) | 1.014 | 1.000–1.025 | 0.012 |
| ≥40 years (n = 1279) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
| Sex (males vs. females) | 0.853 | 0.547–1.392 | 0.991 |
| SES (medium vs. low) (high vs. low) |
5.070 5.389 |
1.491–17.24 1.379–21.05 |
0.025 0.009 |
| Smoking (current smokers vs. non-smokers) | 0.674 | 0.289–1.576 | 0.363 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.521 | 0.430–0.631 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (per 100 MET-min/week increase) | 1.000 | 0.999–1.039 | 0.650 |
Results are presented as odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals and p-values, as derived from multiple logistic regression analysis models. The high–high Mediterranean diet trajectory (high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, i.e., equal or above the median MedDietScore value, both at baseline and the 10-year follow-up evaluation) served as the dependent variable. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; MET-min/week, weekly minutes of metabolic equivalents of tasks; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status.