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. 2022 Aug 10;8(8):496. doi: 10.3390/gels8080496

Table 2.

2D versus 3D cultures [117,118,119,123,126,127,128].

2-Dimensional Culture 3-Dimensional Culture
Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
Simple Does not mimic in vivo structure More like in vivo structure Expensive
Reproducible Fewer interactions with environment Niches are available Time consuming
Inexpensive Access to unlimited amount of nutrients from media Access to nutrients is not unlimited, varies Less reproducible
Less diverse phenotype and polarity Can form organs or spheroid clusters of cells More complex and difficult to carry out
Altered cell morphology Allows study of cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions Fewer interactions with environment