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. 2022 Aug 21;11(16):2527. doi: 10.3390/foods11162527

Table 1.

Differential metabolites in the comparison of different cultivars.

Metabolites H vs. C T vs. C Z vs. C H vs. T Z vs. T Z vs. H
VIP p VIP p VIP p VIP p VIP p VIP p
(−)-Epigallocatechin * 1.064 0.061 0.175 0.885 0.825 0.312 1.325 0.030 1.266 0.030 0.950 0.312
(+)-Pinoresinol 1.064 0.061 0.922 0.112 1.267 0.030 1.371 0.030 1.491 0.030 0.763 0.194
(1S,2R,4S)-(-)-Bornyl acetate 0.664 0.194 0.544 0.470 1.469 0.030 0.431 0.665 1.494 0.030 1.593 0.030
(2S)-Liquiritigenin * 1.125 0.021 0.479 0.312 1.198 0.021 1.146 0.021 1.252 0.021 NA NA
(S)-Abscisic acid 0.864 0.030 1.105 0.112 1.351 0.030 0.364 0.665 1.403 0.030 1.576 0.030
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid 1.188 0.030 1.627 0.030 1.345 0.030 1.397 0.030 1.271 0.030 0.070 0.665
1-Dehydro-[6]-gingerdione 1.295 0.030 1.251 0.030 1.220 0.030 1.083 0.112 0.915 0.194 0.859 0.112
1H-Indole-3-acetamide 1.357 0.030 1.399 0.030 1.346 0.030 1.364 0.030 1.417 0.030 0.972 0.312
1-O-Galloyl-beta-D-glucose 1.051 0.030 0.154 0.885 0.963 0.061 0.753 0.030 0.734 0.030 0.950 0.112
2,3,4,4,6-Peptahydroxychalcone 4-O-glucoside 1.278 0.021 1.121 0.194 1.377 0.021 1.269 0.021 1.365 0.021 NA NA
4-Acetamidobutanoic acid 1.262 0.030 1.295 0.030 1.267 0.030 0.571 0.312 0.049 0.470 1.016 0.112
4-Methoxyflavanone 0.601 0.312 0.578 0.885 1.449 0.030 0.391 0.665 1.339 0.030 0.347 0.885
6-Phosphogluconic acid 1.334 0.021 NA NA 0.938 0.021 1.336 0.021 1.067 0.021 NA NA
9(S)-HPOT 1.260 0.030 0.255 1.000 1.358 0.030 1.046 0.030 1.126 0.030 1.415 0.030
Acacetin 1.259 0.030 0.709 0.665 1.399 0.030 0.317 1.000 1.206 0.030 0.805 0.312
Alanine 1.353 0.030 1.650 0.030 1.210 0.030 1.393 0.030 1.449 0.030 1.574 0.030
Alpha-Linolenic acid 1.176 0.030 1.340 0.061 1.398 0.030 0.404 0.312 1.194 0.030 1.104 0.030
Apigenin * 1.296 0.030 1.477 0.030 1.414 0.030 0.981 0.112 1.259 0.030 0.950 0.194
Apocynin 1.271 0.030 1.141 0.061 1.343 0.030 1.194 0.030 1.187 0.061 0.284 0.665
Aromadendrin * 1.347 0.030 1.637 0.030 1.427 0.030 1.198 0.030 0.610 0.470 0.989 0.112
Ascorbate 1.229 0.030 0.600 0.470 1.121 0.030 1.106 0.030 1.121 0.030 1.484 0.030
Astragalin * 0.279 0.301 0.633 0.453 1.452 0.030 0.519 0.301 1.358 0.021 1.308 0.021
Azelaic acid 1.319 0.030 0.844 0.312 1.418 0.030 0.892 0.194 0.935 0.312 0.989 0.112
Betonicine 1.364 0.030 1.301 0.061 1.352 0.030 1.387 0.030 1.216 0.061 0.729 0.665
Catechol 1.268 0.030 0.804 0.312 1.399 0.030 0.029 0.312 0.230 0.312 1.273 0.061
Chlorogenic acid * 0.105 0.885 1.429 0.030 1.333 0.030 1.294 0.030 0.363 0.194 1.190 0.030
Chrysoeriol 1.339 0.030 1.513 0.030 1.316 0.030 0.260 1.000 0.942 0.194 0.099 0.665
Cinnamaldehyde 1.346 0.021 1.434 0.030 1.451 0.021 1.125 0.021 1.210 0.021 NA NA
cis-Aconitic acid 0.602 0.312 1.254 0.061 1.235 0.030 1.029 0.061 0.973 0.061 1.397 0.030
Citramalic acid 1.182 0.030 0.130 1.000 0.804 0.194 1.148 0.030 0.803 0.112 1.593 0.030
Citric acid 1.341 0.030 0.043 0.665 1.468 0.030 1.261 0.030 1.437 0.030 0.247 1.000
Costunolide 1.164 0.030 0.871 0.194 1.099 0.030 1.134 0.030 1.153 0.030 1.396 0.030
Cucurbitacin E 1.247 0.021 NA NA 1.240 0.021 1.270 0.021 1.261 0.021 1.450 0.030
D-Maltose 1.125 0.021 NA NA 1.283 0.021 1.145 0.021 1.304 0.021 1.570 0.030
Ellagic acid 1.211 0.030 1.426 0.030 1.279 0.030 0.410 0.312 0.008 1.000 1.388 0.030
Epicatechin * 1.209 0.030 0.471 0.885 0.981 0.112 1.145 0.061 0.078 0.312 0.104 0.312
Estragole 1.151 0.030 1.044 0.112 1.278 0.030 0.524 0.665 0.757 0.470 1.313 0.030
Eugenol 1.374 0.021 0.222 0.312 1.480 0.021 1.081 0.069 1.163 0.069 NA NA
Fraxetin 0.978 0.030 1.377 0.030 1.203 0.030 1.220 0.030 0.371 0.470 0.023 1.000
Fructose-1P 1.272 0.021 0.300 0.665 1.353 0.021 1.222 0.021 1.335 0.021 NA NA
gamma-Aminobutyric acid 1.281 0.030 1.414 0.030 1.191 0.030 1.378 0.030 1.407 0.030 0.763 0.194
Garbanzol * 0.507 0.312 1.523 0.030 0.884 0.312 1.100 0.061 1.218 0.061 1.217 0.030
Genistein 1.173 0.030 1.440 0.030 1.260 0.030 1.355 0.030 1.481 0.030 1.571 0.030
Genistin 0.799 0.194 1.448 0.030 1.349 0.030 1.156 0.030 0.353 0.312 1.104 0.030
Glycylleucine 1.236 0.030 1.358 0.030 1.393 0.030 0.690 0.312 1.265 0.030 1.576 0.030
Herniarin 1.280 0.030 1.042 0.194 1.414 0.030 0.312 1.000 0.643 0.312 1.397 0.030
Hydroxypyruvic acid 1.302 0.021 0.653 0.665 1.403 0.021 1.252 0.021 1.346 0.021 NA NA
Indoleacetic acid 1.369 0.030 1.649 0.030 1.383 0.030 1.385 0.030 1.346 0.030 0.396 0.47
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate 1.360 0.021 1.421 0.030 1.448 0.021 1.168 0.021 1.275 0.021 NA NA
Kaempferide * 0.988 0.021 0.830 0.312 0.610 0.453 0.504 0.301 0.415 0.301 1.088 0.021
Kaempferol * 1.342 0.030 0.118 0.312 0.125 0.470 0.796 0.194 0.252 0.885 0.291 1.000
Lamiide 1.353 0.030 0.255 0.665 1.482 0.030 0.467 0.312 0.743 0.312 0.660 0.665
L-Arginine 0.875 0.030 1.607 0.030 0.784 0.665 1.127 0.030 1.101 0.030 NA NA
L-Asparagine 1.207 0.021 1.394 0.030 1.301 0.021 1.367 0.021 1.470 0.021 NA NA
L-Cystine 1.323 0.021 0.665 0.470 1.425 0.021 0.941 0.021 1.012 0.021 NA NA
Leucopelargonidin * 1.123 0.030 NA NA 1.288 0.030 1.223 0.030 1.357 0.030 0.245 0.885
L-Histidine 1.144 0.021 1.207 0.112 1.233 0.021 1.151 0.021 1.238 0.021 NA NA
Limonene-1,2-diol 1.174 0.021 0.647 0.470 1.265 0.021 1.200 0.021 1.291 0.021 0.859 0.112
L-Isoleucine 1.221 0.021 0.903 0.194 1.473 0.021 1.224 0.021 1.514 0.021 0.888 0.194
L-Leucine 1.231 0.021 1.444 0.030 1.326 0.021 1.220 0.021 1.312 0.021 0.173 0.665
L-Lysine 0.858 0.112 1.453 0.030 1.163 0.030 1.148 0.030 0.339 0.665 1.008 0.061
L-Ribulose 0.900 0.194 0.903 0.194 1.032 0.030 0.442 0.665 0.752 0.112 NA NA
Luteolin * 1.141 0.030 0.182 0.665 0.783 0.194 1.291 0.030 0.580 0.885 0.389 1.000
Malvidin 3-glucoside 1.412 0.030 1.662 0.030 1.510 0.030 0.617 0.312 1.355 0.030 1.498 0.030
meso-2,6-Diaminoheptanedioate 1.368 0.030 1.585 0.030 1.384 0.030 1.396 0.030 1.453 0.030 0.336 0.470
myo-Inositol 1.236 0.030 0.591 0.312 1.388 0.030 1.321 0.030 1.465 0.030 0.247 1.000
Myricetin * 1.102 0.021 0.789 0.312 1.172 0.021 1.129 0.021 1.233 0.021 NA NA
Naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside 1.299 0.030 1.343 0.061 1.075 0.030 1.339 0.030 1.320 0.030 1.491 0.030
Norsanguinarine 1.159 0.030 0.046 0.665 1.034 0.061 1.015 0.061 0.724 0.194 1.138 0.312
Palmitoleic acid 1.354 0.030 0.610 1.000 1.460 0.030 1.114 0.030 1.200 0.030 0.973 0.030
p-Coumaroyl quinic acid * 1.310 0.030 1.279 0.030 1.350 0.030 1.147 0.061 1.537 0.030 1.079 0.030
Pelargonic acid 1.219 0.030 1.081 0.112 1.164 0.030 1.299 0.030 1.322 0.030 1.284 0.030
Perillic acid 1.002 0.112 1.306 0.061 0.988 0.312 1.204 0.030 1.184 0.061 0.010 0.665
Procyanidin B2 1.123 0.030 1.312 0.030 0.968 0.030 0.577 0.312 1.056 0.112 1.491 0.030
Pulegone 1.311 0.030 0.485 0.665 1.255 0.030 1.291 0.030 1.230 0.030 0.441 0.885
Qing Hau Sau 1.078 0.030 1.089 0.061 1.182 0.030 1.173 0.030 1.268 0.030 0.396 0.470
Quercetin * 1.326 0.030 1.660 0.030 1.239 0.030 0.675 0.112 0.562 0.885 0.432 0.665
Quercetin 3-O-glucoside * 1.019 0.014 1.634 0.030 1.396 0.030 1.145 0.030 0.406 0.665 0.347 0.885
Raucaffricine 1.366 0.030 1.544 0.030 1.431 0.030 1.307 0.030 1.142 0.061 1.348 0.030
Salicylic acid 1.054 0.030 0.212 1.000 0.987 0.112 0.981 0.030 0.919 0.112 0.972 0.312
Silibinin 1.345 0.030 0.792 0.312 0.988 0.112 1.343 0.030 0.900 0.312 0.403 0.47
Syringin 1.181 0.021 1.482 0.030 1.272 0.021 1.349 0.021 1.451 0.021 NA NA
Taxifolin * 1.136 0.030 0.592 0.312 1.287 0.030 0.411 1.000 0.736 0.194 1.474 0.030
trans-Cinnamate 1.295 0.030 1.438 0.030 1.403 0.030 0.509 0.665 0.748 0.112 1.316 0.030
Uridine 1.339 0.021 1.489 0.030 1.443 0.021 1.176 0.021 1.265 0.021 NA NA
Vaccenic acid 1.095 0.021 0.988 0.061 1.179 0.021 1.328 0.021 1.429 0.021 NA NA
Xanthyletin 1.184 0.030 0.572 0.665 1.345 0.030 0.993 0.061 1.144 0.030 1.085 0.112

Note: the underlined values indicate that the corresponding metabolite was significantly different between the two cultivars, when using criteria VIP > 1.0 and p < 0.05. * indicates flavonoids. NA indicates the values were not detected.