Table 1.
Metabolites | H vs. C | T vs. C | Z vs. C | H vs. T | Z vs. T | Z vs. H | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VIP | p | VIP | p | VIP | p | VIP | p | VIP | p | VIP | p | |
(−)-Epigallocatechin * | 1.064 | 0.061 | 0.175 | 0.885 | 0.825 | 0.312 | 1.325 | 0.030 | 1.266 | 0.030 | 0.950 | 0.312 |
(+)-Pinoresinol | 1.064 | 0.061 | 0.922 | 0.112 | 1.267 | 0.030 | 1.371 | 0.030 | 1.491 | 0.030 | 0.763 | 0.194 |
(1S,2R,4S)-(-)-Bornyl acetate | 0.664 | 0.194 | 0.544 | 0.470 | 1.469 | 0.030 | 0.431 | 0.665 | 1.494 | 0.030 | 1.593 | 0.030 |
(2S)-Liquiritigenin * | 1.125 | 0.021 | 0.479 | 0.312 | 1.198 | 0.021 | 1.146 | 0.021 | 1.252 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
(S)-Abscisic acid | 0.864 | 0.030 | 1.105 | 0.112 | 1.351 | 0.030 | 0.364 | 0.665 | 1.403 | 0.030 | 1.576 | 0.030 |
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid | 1.188 | 0.030 | 1.627 | 0.030 | 1.345 | 0.030 | 1.397 | 0.030 | 1.271 | 0.030 | 0.070 | 0.665 |
1-Dehydro-[6]-gingerdione | 1.295 | 0.030 | 1.251 | 0.030 | 1.220 | 0.030 | 1.083 | 0.112 | 0.915 | 0.194 | 0.859 | 0.112 |
1H-Indole-3-acetamide | 1.357 | 0.030 | 1.399 | 0.030 | 1.346 | 0.030 | 1.364 | 0.030 | 1.417 | 0.030 | 0.972 | 0.312 |
1-O-Galloyl-beta-D-glucose | 1.051 | 0.030 | 0.154 | 0.885 | 0.963 | 0.061 | 0.753 | 0.030 | 0.734 | 0.030 | 0.950 | 0.112 |
2,3,4,4,6-Peptahydroxychalcone 4-O-glucoside | 1.278 | 0.021 | 1.121 | 0.194 | 1.377 | 0.021 | 1.269 | 0.021 | 1.365 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
4-Acetamidobutanoic acid | 1.262 | 0.030 | 1.295 | 0.030 | 1.267 | 0.030 | 0.571 | 0.312 | 0.049 | 0.470 | 1.016 | 0.112 |
4-Methoxyflavanone | 0.601 | 0.312 | 0.578 | 0.885 | 1.449 | 0.030 | 0.391 | 0.665 | 1.339 | 0.030 | 0.347 | 0.885 |
6-Phosphogluconic acid | 1.334 | 0.021 | NA | NA | 0.938 | 0.021 | 1.336 | 0.021 | 1.067 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
9(S)-HPOT | 1.260 | 0.030 | 0.255 | 1.000 | 1.358 | 0.030 | 1.046 | 0.030 | 1.126 | 0.030 | 1.415 | 0.030 |
Acacetin | 1.259 | 0.030 | 0.709 | 0.665 | 1.399 | 0.030 | 0.317 | 1.000 | 1.206 | 0.030 | 0.805 | 0.312 |
Alanine | 1.353 | 0.030 | 1.650 | 0.030 | 1.210 | 0.030 | 1.393 | 0.030 | 1.449 | 0.030 | 1.574 | 0.030 |
Alpha-Linolenic acid | 1.176 | 0.030 | 1.340 | 0.061 | 1.398 | 0.030 | 0.404 | 0.312 | 1.194 | 0.030 | 1.104 | 0.030 |
Apigenin * | 1.296 | 0.030 | 1.477 | 0.030 | 1.414 | 0.030 | 0.981 | 0.112 | 1.259 | 0.030 | 0.950 | 0.194 |
Apocynin | 1.271 | 0.030 | 1.141 | 0.061 | 1.343 | 0.030 | 1.194 | 0.030 | 1.187 | 0.061 | 0.284 | 0.665 |
Aromadendrin * | 1.347 | 0.030 | 1.637 | 0.030 | 1.427 | 0.030 | 1.198 | 0.030 | 0.610 | 0.470 | 0.989 | 0.112 |
Ascorbate | 1.229 | 0.030 | 0.600 | 0.470 | 1.121 | 0.030 | 1.106 | 0.030 | 1.121 | 0.030 | 1.484 | 0.030 |
Astragalin * | 0.279 | 0.301 | 0.633 | 0.453 | 1.452 | 0.030 | 0.519 | 0.301 | 1.358 | 0.021 | 1.308 | 0.021 |
Azelaic acid | 1.319 | 0.030 | 0.844 | 0.312 | 1.418 | 0.030 | 0.892 | 0.194 | 0.935 | 0.312 | 0.989 | 0.112 |
Betonicine | 1.364 | 0.030 | 1.301 | 0.061 | 1.352 | 0.030 | 1.387 | 0.030 | 1.216 | 0.061 | 0.729 | 0.665 |
Catechol | 1.268 | 0.030 | 0.804 | 0.312 | 1.399 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 0.312 | 0.230 | 0.312 | 1.273 | 0.061 |
Chlorogenic acid * | 0.105 | 0.885 | 1.429 | 0.030 | 1.333 | 0.030 | 1.294 | 0.030 | 0.363 | 0.194 | 1.190 | 0.030 |
Chrysoeriol | 1.339 | 0.030 | 1.513 | 0.030 | 1.316 | 0.030 | 0.260 | 1.000 | 0.942 | 0.194 | 0.099 | 0.665 |
Cinnamaldehyde | 1.346 | 0.021 | 1.434 | 0.030 | 1.451 | 0.021 | 1.125 | 0.021 | 1.210 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
cis-Aconitic acid | 0.602 | 0.312 | 1.254 | 0.061 | 1.235 | 0.030 | 1.029 | 0.061 | 0.973 | 0.061 | 1.397 | 0.030 |
Citramalic acid | 1.182 | 0.030 | 0.130 | 1.000 | 0.804 | 0.194 | 1.148 | 0.030 | 0.803 | 0.112 | 1.593 | 0.030 |
Citric acid | 1.341 | 0.030 | 0.043 | 0.665 | 1.468 | 0.030 | 1.261 | 0.030 | 1.437 | 0.030 | 0.247 | 1.000 |
Costunolide | 1.164 | 0.030 | 0.871 | 0.194 | 1.099 | 0.030 | 1.134 | 0.030 | 1.153 | 0.030 | 1.396 | 0.030 |
Cucurbitacin E | 1.247 | 0.021 | NA | NA | 1.240 | 0.021 | 1.270 | 0.021 | 1.261 | 0.021 | 1.450 | 0.030 |
D-Maltose | 1.125 | 0.021 | NA | NA | 1.283 | 0.021 | 1.145 | 0.021 | 1.304 | 0.021 | 1.570 | 0.030 |
Ellagic acid | 1.211 | 0.030 | 1.426 | 0.030 | 1.279 | 0.030 | 0.410 | 0.312 | 0.008 | 1.000 | 1.388 | 0.030 |
Epicatechin * | 1.209 | 0.030 | 0.471 | 0.885 | 0.981 | 0.112 | 1.145 | 0.061 | 0.078 | 0.312 | 0.104 | 0.312 |
Estragole | 1.151 | 0.030 | 1.044 | 0.112 | 1.278 | 0.030 | 0.524 | 0.665 | 0.757 | 0.470 | 1.313 | 0.030 |
Eugenol | 1.374 | 0.021 | 0.222 | 0.312 | 1.480 | 0.021 | 1.081 | 0.069 | 1.163 | 0.069 | NA | NA |
Fraxetin | 0.978 | 0.030 | 1.377 | 0.030 | 1.203 | 0.030 | 1.220 | 0.030 | 0.371 | 0.470 | 0.023 | 1.000 |
Fructose-1P | 1.272 | 0.021 | 0.300 | 0.665 | 1.353 | 0.021 | 1.222 | 0.021 | 1.335 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
gamma-Aminobutyric acid | 1.281 | 0.030 | 1.414 | 0.030 | 1.191 | 0.030 | 1.378 | 0.030 | 1.407 | 0.030 | 0.763 | 0.194 |
Garbanzol * | 0.507 | 0.312 | 1.523 | 0.030 | 0.884 | 0.312 | 1.100 | 0.061 | 1.218 | 0.061 | 1.217 | 0.030 |
Genistein | 1.173 | 0.030 | 1.440 | 0.030 | 1.260 | 0.030 | 1.355 | 0.030 | 1.481 | 0.030 | 1.571 | 0.030 |
Genistin | 0.799 | 0.194 | 1.448 | 0.030 | 1.349 | 0.030 | 1.156 | 0.030 | 0.353 | 0.312 | 1.104 | 0.030 |
Glycylleucine | 1.236 | 0.030 | 1.358 | 0.030 | 1.393 | 0.030 | 0.690 | 0.312 | 1.265 | 0.030 | 1.576 | 0.030 |
Herniarin | 1.280 | 0.030 | 1.042 | 0.194 | 1.414 | 0.030 | 0.312 | 1.000 | 0.643 | 0.312 | 1.397 | 0.030 |
Hydroxypyruvic acid | 1.302 | 0.021 | 0.653 | 0.665 | 1.403 | 0.021 | 1.252 | 0.021 | 1.346 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Indoleacetic acid | 1.369 | 0.030 | 1.649 | 0.030 | 1.383 | 0.030 | 1.385 | 0.030 | 1.346 | 0.030 | 0.396 | 0.47 |
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate | 1.360 | 0.021 | 1.421 | 0.030 | 1.448 | 0.021 | 1.168 | 0.021 | 1.275 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Kaempferide * | 0.988 | 0.021 | 0.830 | 0.312 | 0.610 | 0.453 | 0.504 | 0.301 | 0.415 | 0.301 | 1.088 | 0.021 |
Kaempferol * | 1.342 | 0.030 | 0.118 | 0.312 | 0.125 | 0.470 | 0.796 | 0.194 | 0.252 | 0.885 | 0.291 | 1.000 |
Lamiide | 1.353 | 0.030 | 0.255 | 0.665 | 1.482 | 0.030 | 0.467 | 0.312 | 0.743 | 0.312 | 0.660 | 0.665 |
L-Arginine | 0.875 | 0.030 | 1.607 | 0.030 | 0.784 | 0.665 | 1.127 | 0.030 | 1.101 | 0.030 | NA | NA |
L-Asparagine | 1.207 | 0.021 | 1.394 | 0.030 | 1.301 | 0.021 | 1.367 | 0.021 | 1.470 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
L-Cystine | 1.323 | 0.021 | 0.665 | 0.470 | 1.425 | 0.021 | 0.941 | 0.021 | 1.012 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Leucopelargonidin * | 1.123 | 0.030 | NA | NA | 1.288 | 0.030 | 1.223 | 0.030 | 1.357 | 0.030 | 0.245 | 0.885 |
L-Histidine | 1.144 | 0.021 | 1.207 | 0.112 | 1.233 | 0.021 | 1.151 | 0.021 | 1.238 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Limonene-1,2-diol | 1.174 | 0.021 | 0.647 | 0.470 | 1.265 | 0.021 | 1.200 | 0.021 | 1.291 | 0.021 | 0.859 | 0.112 |
L-Isoleucine | 1.221 | 0.021 | 0.903 | 0.194 | 1.473 | 0.021 | 1.224 | 0.021 | 1.514 | 0.021 | 0.888 | 0.194 |
L-Leucine | 1.231 | 0.021 | 1.444 | 0.030 | 1.326 | 0.021 | 1.220 | 0.021 | 1.312 | 0.021 | 0.173 | 0.665 |
L-Lysine | 0.858 | 0.112 | 1.453 | 0.030 | 1.163 | 0.030 | 1.148 | 0.030 | 0.339 | 0.665 | 1.008 | 0.061 |
L-Ribulose | 0.900 | 0.194 | 0.903 | 0.194 | 1.032 | 0.030 | 0.442 | 0.665 | 0.752 | 0.112 | NA | NA |
Luteolin * | 1.141 | 0.030 | 0.182 | 0.665 | 0.783 | 0.194 | 1.291 | 0.030 | 0.580 | 0.885 | 0.389 | 1.000 |
Malvidin 3-glucoside | 1.412 | 0.030 | 1.662 | 0.030 | 1.510 | 0.030 | 0.617 | 0.312 | 1.355 | 0.030 | 1.498 | 0.030 |
meso-2,6-Diaminoheptanedioate | 1.368 | 0.030 | 1.585 | 0.030 | 1.384 | 0.030 | 1.396 | 0.030 | 1.453 | 0.030 | 0.336 | 0.470 |
myo-Inositol | 1.236 | 0.030 | 0.591 | 0.312 | 1.388 | 0.030 | 1.321 | 0.030 | 1.465 | 0.030 | 0.247 | 1.000 |
Myricetin * | 1.102 | 0.021 | 0.789 | 0.312 | 1.172 | 0.021 | 1.129 | 0.021 | 1.233 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside | 1.299 | 0.030 | 1.343 | 0.061 | 1.075 | 0.030 | 1.339 | 0.030 | 1.320 | 0.030 | 1.491 | 0.030 |
Norsanguinarine | 1.159 | 0.030 | 0.046 | 0.665 | 1.034 | 0.061 | 1.015 | 0.061 | 0.724 | 0.194 | 1.138 | 0.312 |
Palmitoleic acid | 1.354 | 0.030 | 0.610 | 1.000 | 1.460 | 0.030 | 1.114 | 0.030 | 1.200 | 0.030 | 0.973 | 0.030 |
p-Coumaroyl quinic acid * | 1.310 | 0.030 | 1.279 | 0.030 | 1.350 | 0.030 | 1.147 | 0.061 | 1.537 | 0.030 | 1.079 | 0.030 |
Pelargonic acid | 1.219 | 0.030 | 1.081 | 0.112 | 1.164 | 0.030 | 1.299 | 0.030 | 1.322 | 0.030 | 1.284 | 0.030 |
Perillic acid | 1.002 | 0.112 | 1.306 | 0.061 | 0.988 | 0.312 | 1.204 | 0.030 | 1.184 | 0.061 | 0.010 | 0.665 |
Procyanidin B2 | 1.123 | 0.030 | 1.312 | 0.030 | 0.968 | 0.030 | 0.577 | 0.312 | 1.056 | 0.112 | 1.491 | 0.030 |
Pulegone | 1.311 | 0.030 | 0.485 | 0.665 | 1.255 | 0.030 | 1.291 | 0.030 | 1.230 | 0.030 | 0.441 | 0.885 |
Qing Hau Sau | 1.078 | 0.030 | 1.089 | 0.061 | 1.182 | 0.030 | 1.173 | 0.030 | 1.268 | 0.030 | 0.396 | 0.470 |
Quercetin * | 1.326 | 0.030 | 1.660 | 0.030 | 1.239 | 0.030 | 0.675 | 0.112 | 0.562 | 0.885 | 0.432 | 0.665 |
Quercetin 3-O-glucoside * | 1.019 | 0.014 | 1.634 | 0.030 | 1.396 | 0.030 | 1.145 | 0.030 | 0.406 | 0.665 | 0.347 | 0.885 |
Raucaffricine | 1.366 | 0.030 | 1.544 | 0.030 | 1.431 | 0.030 | 1.307 | 0.030 | 1.142 | 0.061 | 1.348 | 0.030 |
Salicylic acid | 1.054 | 0.030 | 0.212 | 1.000 | 0.987 | 0.112 | 0.981 | 0.030 | 0.919 | 0.112 | 0.972 | 0.312 |
Silibinin | 1.345 | 0.030 | 0.792 | 0.312 | 0.988 | 0.112 | 1.343 | 0.030 | 0.900 | 0.312 | 0.403 | 0.47 |
Syringin | 1.181 | 0.021 | 1.482 | 0.030 | 1.272 | 0.021 | 1.349 | 0.021 | 1.451 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Taxifolin * | 1.136 | 0.030 | 0.592 | 0.312 | 1.287 | 0.030 | 0.411 | 1.000 | 0.736 | 0.194 | 1.474 | 0.030 |
trans-Cinnamate | 1.295 | 0.030 | 1.438 | 0.030 | 1.403 | 0.030 | 0.509 | 0.665 | 0.748 | 0.112 | 1.316 | 0.030 |
Uridine | 1.339 | 0.021 | 1.489 | 0.030 | 1.443 | 0.021 | 1.176 | 0.021 | 1.265 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Vaccenic acid | 1.095 | 0.021 | 0.988 | 0.061 | 1.179 | 0.021 | 1.328 | 0.021 | 1.429 | 0.021 | NA | NA |
Xanthyletin | 1.184 | 0.030 | 0.572 | 0.665 | 1.345 | 0.030 | 0.993 | 0.061 | 1.144 | 0.030 | 1.085 | 0.112 |
Note: the underlined values indicate that the corresponding metabolite was significantly different between the two cultivars, when using criteria VIP > 1.0 and p < 0.05. * indicates flavonoids. NA indicates the values were not detected.