Table 6.
Bivariate associations for BRS.
| Low n = 221 |
Normal to High n = 340 |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 49 (36.8) | 84 (63.2) |
| Female | 172 (40.2) | 256 (59.8) | |
| Age | 21.8 ± 2.52 | 22.1 ± 3.3 | |
| Nationality | Lebanese | 212 (39.8) | 320 (60.2) |
| Non-Lebanese | 9 (31) | 20 (69) | |
| Area of residence | Beirut | 47 (35.9) | 84 (64.1) |
| Baalbek-Hermel and Bekaa | 68 (47.2) | 76 (52.8) | |
| Mount Lebanon | 43 (36.4) | 75 (63.6) | |
| Nabatieh and South | 28 (34.6) | 53 (65.4) | |
| North and Akkar | 30 (37.5) | 50 (62.5) | |
| Currently out of Lebanon | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | |
| Marital status | Single | 213 (40.6) | 311 (59.4) |
| Married | 8 (22.9) | 27 (77.1) | |
| Widow/Divorced | 0 | 2 (100) | |
| Household size | One to two persons | 6 (27.3) | 16 (72.7) |
| Three to five | 139 (39.6) | 212 (60.4) | |
| Six or more | 76 (40.4) | 112 (59.6) | |
| Year in pharmacy school | First or second | 58 (33.3) | 116 (66.7) * |
| Third or fourth | 102 (46.6) | 117 (53.4) | |
| Fifth or PharmD | 61 (36.3) | 107 (63.7) | |
| Smoking | No | 167 (37.5) | 278 (62.5) * |
| <10 cigarettes per day and/or <3 shisha per week | 26 (39.4) | 40 (60.6) | |
| ≥10 cigarettes per day and/or ≥3 shisha per week | 28 (56) | 22 (44) | |
| Consuming caffeinated beverage | No | 44 (29.7) | 104 (70.3) * |
| Less than two cups per day Two cups or more per day |
107 (42.1) 70 (44.3) |
147 (57.9) 88 (55.7) |
|
| Consuming energy drinks | No | 185 (38.8) | 292 (61.2) |
| Once per week | 25 (41) | 36 (59) | |
| More than once per week | 11 (47.8) | 12 (52.2) | |
| Drinking alcohol during COVID-19 | No | 183 (37.8) | 301 (62.2) |
| Once every few weeks On a weekly basis |
27 (45.8) 11 (61.1) |
32 (54.2) 7 (38.9) |
|
| Body weight changes during COVID-19 | No | 50 (31.1) | 111 (68.9) * |
| Gained weight | 78 (43.1) | 103 (56.9) | |
| Lost weight | 93 (42.5) | 126 (57.5) | |
| Family income per month in LBP | <2,000,000 | 57 (45.2) | 69 (54.8) * |
| [2,000,000–4,000,000] | 86 (43.2) | 113 (56.8) | |
| [4,000,001–6,000,000] | 45 (36.6) | 78 (63.4) | |
| >6,000,000 | 33 (29.2) | 80 (70.8) | |
| Family income affected by lockdown due to COVID-19 | No | 60 (39) | 94 (61) |
| Yes | 161 (39.6) | 246 (60.4) | |
| Receiving financial support in foreign currency from family/relatives living outside Lebanon | No | 187 (40.3) | 277 (59.7) |
| Yes | 34 (35.1) | 63 (64.9) | |
| Taking acetaminophen | No | 167 (37.7) | 276 (62.3) |
| Yes | 54 (45.8) | 64 (54.2) | |
| Taking antihistamines | No | 187 (38.2) | 302 (61.8) |
| Yes | 34 (47.2) | 38 (52.8) | |
| Taking NSAIDs | No | 180 (37.7) | 297 (62.3) |
| Yes | 41 (48.8) | 43 (51.2) | |
| Taking multivitamins or minerals | No | 143 (36.4) | 250 (63.6) * |
| Yes | 78 (46.4) | 90 (53.6) | |
| Taking antidepressants and/or anxiolytics | No | 209 (38.4) | 335 (61.6) ** |
| Yes | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | |
| Taking other drugs | No | 186 (38) | 303 (62) |
| Yes | 35 (48.6) | 37 (51.4) | |
| Being employed | No | 177 (40.8) | 257 (59.2) |
| Yes | 44 (34.6) | 83 (65.4) | |
| Parents lost employment during COVID-19 | No | 168 (38.8) | 265 (61.2) |
| Yes | 53 (41.4) | 75 (58.6) | |
| Parents experienced reduction in salary during COVID-19 | No | 77 (35.8) | 138 (64.2) |
| Yes | 144 (41.6) | 202 (58.4) | |
| Being diagnosed with COVID-19 | No | 141 (40.8) | 205 (59.2) |
| Yes, mild to moderate symptoms | 56 (35.7) | 101 (64.3) | |
| Yes, severe symptoms or hospitalization | 24 (41.4) | 34 (58.6) | |
| Close family diagnosed with COVID-19 | No | 95 (40.3) | 141 (59.7) |
| Yes, mild to moderate symptoms | 61 (36.1) | 108 (63.9) | |
| Yes, severe symptoms or hospitalization | 65 (41.7) | 91 (58.3) | |
| Feel isolated due to COVID-19 | Never | 22 (36.1) | 39 (63.9) ** |
| Rarely | 37 (30.1) | 86 (69.9) | |
| Usually | 99 (38.8) | 156 (61.2) | |
| Always | 63 (51.6) | 59 (48.4) | |
| Received any COVID-19 vaccine | No | 209 (39.4) | 322 (60.6) |
| Yes | 12 (40) | 18 (60) |
p < 0.05 *, p < 0.01 ** COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019; NSAIDs, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; LBP, Lebanese pounds.