Fig. 1.

Topologies and fabricated configurations of truss-, plate-, and shell-based lattices. (A–F) 3D models of various truss-, plate-, and shell-based unit cells. The pink parts in B and C have different sizes from the other gray parts. (G–L) Digital images of various truss-, plate-, and shell-based lattices fabricated by PμSL. (M–P) Scanning electron microscopy images of cubic + octet plate-based microlattices and shell-based microlattices with Schwarz P, I-WP, and Neovius minimal surfaces fabricated by TPL. (Q and R) Scanning electron microscopy images of pyrolytic carbon shell-based nanolattices with I-WP and Neovius topologies fabricated by TPL and high-temperature pyrolysis.