Table 5.

Social media and psychological problems.

Domains	Reference	Type of Article	Highlighted
Depression Psychological problems Addiction Anxiety Body image	Mougharbel F. et al. [17]	Review	High levels of screen time and social media use correlates to depression, anxiety, misperception of body image, and mental health outcomes.
Depression Psychological problems Anxiety	Keles B. et al. [23]	Review	Time spent on social media, repetitive activities, addictive, or problematic use associated with depression, anxiety, and psychological impairment. Nevertheless, it is not possible to establish whether a causative effect exists.
Depression Psychological problems Anxiety	Chen I.H. et al. [33]	Review	During school closure in COVID-19 pandemic smartphone and social media use increased. An increase of 15–30 min daily negatively affected mental health status in children.
Diet Cyberbullying Psychological problems Body image Physical activity	Borzekowski D.L.G. et al. [45]	Review	Constant media access and exposure to unhealthy and risky media messages may increase the interactions, facilitating cyberbullying and exacerbating body image apprehension promoting poor nutrition, psychological problems, and leading to a more sedentary lifestyle.
Cyberbullying Psychological problems Sleep Addiction Behavioral problems Physical activity Sight	Bozzola E. et al. [49]	Review	Cyberbullying, sleep impairment, psychological problems, addiction, musculoskeletal disorders, and eye problems are among the risks of media device use in adolescence.
Cyberbullying Psychological problems Addiction	Nagata J.M. et al. [52]	Editorial	More than 7% of adolescents have problematic media use and addiction to social media. Problematic media use is associated with cyberbullying, poor outcomes in life satisfaction, and mental health.
Psychological problems	Favotto L. et al. [55]	Clinical study	Children with low family communication have high levels of media use and loneliness.
Psychological problems	Boer M. et al. [56]	Clinical study	Data among 154,981 adolescents of the world, described that problematic media use is associated with lower well-being.
Psychological problems Sleep Physical activity	Buda G. et al. [57]	Clinical study	Problematic social media use correlates with about two times higher odds for worse sleep quality and lower life satisfaction, and it is related to lower levels of vigorous physical activity in girls.
Psychological problems	Mc Dool E. et al. [58]	Clinical study	Among 6300 English students, internet use is negatively associated with feel about appearance, especially in girls.
Psychological problems	Twigg L. et al. [59]	Clinical study	Higher levels of social media use are associated with lower happiness, especially in girls.
Psychological problems	Walsh S.D. et al. [60]	Clinical study	Problematic social media use such as substance use, bullying, and low social support, have been identified as clusters of risk for children mental health.
Psychological problems Sleep	Sümen A. et al. [61]	Clinical study	Social media addiction in school students is related with lower communication among families, loneliness, emotional problems, attention deficit, peer problems, and it decreases students’ sleep efficiency.
Psychological problems Headache	Marino C. et al. [62]	Clinical study	Adolescent problematic Internet users have higher levels of somatic symptoms such as headaches and psychological consequences of social media use such as loss of control and relational problems with family and friends.