Table 4.
Prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for individual MetS components for each quartile of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations.
| High Blood Pressure | Low HDL Cholesterol |
High Waist Circumference |
Hyperglycemia | Elevated Triglycerides |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n with/without component | 308/1029 | 381/956 | 601/736 | 267/1070 | 313/1024 | |||||||||||
| MEHP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.71 | (0.45, | 1.12) | 1.06 | (0.59, | 1.90) | 0.76 | (0.50, | 1.14) | 0.54 | (0.33, | 0.88) * | 0.78 | (0.49, | 1.24) | |
| Q3 | 0.85 | (0.50, | 1.43) | 1.17 | (0.64, | 2.17) | 0.84 | (0.53, | 1.33) | 0.55 | (0.31, | 0.95) * | 0.89 | (0.53, | 1.47) | |
| Q4 | 0.83 | (0.44, | 1.58) | 1.07 | (0.56, | 2.07) | 0.62 | (0.36, | 1.04) # | 0.88 | (0.47, | 1.64) | 0.76 | (0.42, | 1.38) | |
| MEOHP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.92 | (0.59, | 1.44) | 0.88 | (0.57, | 1.36) | 0.92 | (0.64, | 1.33) | 0.76 | (0.49, | 1.20) | 0.90 | (0.60, | 1.36) | |
| Q3 | 1.24 | (0.79. | 1.95) | 0.68 | (0.44, | 1.06) # | 0.93 | (0.64, | 1.35) | 0.88 | (0.56, | 1.38) | 0.81 | (0.53, | 1.24) | |
| Q4 | 0.73 | (0.45, | 1.19) | 0.71 | (0.45, | 1.10) | 0.85 | (0.58, | 1.25) | 0.97 | (0.62, | 1.53) | 0.82 | (0.53, | 1.27) | |
| MEHHP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.00 | (0.64, | 1.56) | 1.05 | (0.69, | 1.61) | 0.94 | (0.65, | 1.35) | 0.75 | (0.48, | 1.16) | 1.36 | (0.91, | 2.03) | |
| Q3 | 0.97 | (0.61, | 1.54) | 0.87 | (0.57, | 1.32) | 0.86 | (0.60, | 1.24) | 0.62 | (0.39, | 0.99) * | 0.82 | (0.53, | 1.26) | |
| Q4 | 0.95 | (0.60, | 1.50) | 0.84 | (0.55, | 1.30) | 0.93 | (0.64, | 1.34) | 0.98 | (0.63, | 1.50) | 0.87 | (0.56, | 1.34) | |
| MECPP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.96 | (0.61, | 1.50) | 1.44 | (0.92, | 2.26) | 0.75 | (0.51, | 1.09) | 0.69 | (0.43, | 1.10) | 1.27 | (0.83, | 1.94) | |
| Q3 | 1.05 | (0.66, | 1.66) | 0.93 | (0.59, | 1.47) | 1.15 | (0.79, | 1.67) | 0.78 | (0.49, | 1.24) | 1.07 | (0.69, | 1.67) | |
| Q4 | 0.74 | (0.46, | 1.19) | 0.98 | (0.62, | 1.55) | 0.83 | (0.57, | 1.21) | 0.96 | (0.61, | 1.49) | 1.15 | (0.74, | 1.78) | |
| MCMHP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.05 | (0.67, | 1.65) | 0.99 | (0.61, | 1.63) | 1.12 | (0.76, | 1.65) | 1.45 | (0.90, | 2.34) | 0.92 | (0.59, | 1.44) | |
| Q3 | 1.04 | (0.65, | 1.68) | 0.91 | (0.55, | 1.51) | 1.39 | (0.93, | 2.08) | 1.42 | (0.86, | 2.34) | 1.21 | (0.77, | 1.90) | |
| Q4 | 0.88 | (0.53, | 1.47) | 1.12 | (0.67, | 1.87) | 1.15 | (0.76, | 1.74) | 1.72 | (1.04, | 2.84) * | 1.14 | (0.71, | 1.82) | |
| MBzP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.80 | (0.52, | 1.23) | 0.73 | (0.49, | 1.10) | 1.04 | (0.74, | 1.47) | 0.56 | (0.37, | 0.86) ** | 0.74 | (0.50, | 1.09) | |
| Q3 | 0.94 | (0.59, | 1.49) | 0.68 | (0.44, | 1.05) # | 1.03 | (0.71, | 1.49) | 0.86 | (0.56, | 1.33) | 0.73 | (0.48, | 1.12) | |
| Q4 | 0.96 | (0.59, | 1.55) | 0.65 | (0.41, | 1.01) # | 1.09 | (0.74, | 1.60) | 0.60 | (0.37, | 0.97) * | 0.59 | (0.37, | 0.92) * | |
| MEP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.94 | (0.58, | 1.52) | 0.96 | (0.60, | 1.53) | 0.92 | (0.62, | 1.35) | 1.74 | (1.06, | 2.85) * | 1.20 | (0.77, | 1.86) | |
| Q3 | 1.11 | (0.70, | 1.75) | 1.09 | (0.69, | 1.72) | 1.19 | (0.81, | 1.73) | 1.35 | (0.82, | 2.22) | 1.07 | (0.69, | 1.65) | |
| Q4 | 0.97 | (0.61, | 1.54) | 1.47 | (0.94, | 2.30) # | 0.93 | (0.64, | 1.35) | 1.73 | (1.07, | 2.80) * | 1.08 | (0.70, | 1.68) | |
| MiBP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.68 | (0.44, | 1.06) # | 0.75 | (0.49, | 1.14) | 0.82 | (0.58, | 1.16) | 0.66 | (0.42, | 1.03) # | 0.92 | (0.61, | 1.38) | |
| Q3 | 0.87 | (0.56, | 1.36) | 0.96 | (0.63, | 1.46) | 0.96 | (0.67, | 1.38) | 1.00 | (0.65, | 1.54) | 1.05 | (0.69, | 1.59) | |
| Q4 | 0.85 | (0.54, | 1.36) | 0.89 | (0.57, | 1.38) | 0.57 | (0.39, | 0.84) ** | 1.00 | (0.64, | 1.56) | 1.01 | (0.65, | 1.55) | |
| MnBP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.57 | (1.01, | 2.42) * | 1.11 | (0.73, | 1.69) | 0.93 | (0.65, | 1.33) | 1.13 | (0.73, | 1.74) | 1.25 | (0.83, | 1.90) | |
| Q3 | 1.05 | (0.65, | 1.71) | 1.21 | (0.78, | 1.86) | 0.79 | (0.54, | 1.14) | 1.04 | (0.66, | 1.64) | 1.54 | (1.01, | 2.36) * | |
| Q4 | 1.10 | (0.69, | 1.75) | 1.13 | (0.73, | 1.75) | 0.78 | (0.54, | 1.13) | 0.96 | (0.61, | 1.52) | 1.07 | (0.69, | 1.66) | |
| MMP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.85 | (0.53 | 1.36) | 1.01 | (0.62, | 1.67) | 0.93 | (0.63, | 1.38) | 1.12 | (0.69, | 1.83) | 0.89 | (0.57, | 1.39) | |
| Q3 | 0.92 | (0.57, | 1.49) | 1.17 | (0.71, | 1.93) | 1.00 | (0.68, | 1.48) | 1.43 | (0.88, | 2.32) | 1.00 | (0.65, | 1.56) | |
| Q4 | 1.25 | (0.77, | 2.04) | 1.02 | (0.61, | 1.73) | 0.98 | (0.65, | 1.49) | 1.42 | (0.85, | 2.37) | 0.75 | (0.46, | 1.21) | |
| MiNP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.76 | (0.35, | 1.65) | 1.00 | (0.54, | 1.85) | 0.98 | (0.55, | 1.77) | 0.67 | (0.32, | 1.40) | 1.74 | (0.85, | 3.56) | |
| Q3 | 0.91 | (0.33, | 2.54) | 1.22 | (0.53, | 2.81) | 0.98 | (0.45, | 2.16) | 0.77 | (0.29, | 2.06) | 3.68 | (1.45, | 9.35) ** | |
| Q4 | 0.97 | (0.25, | 3.77) | 1.44 | (0.47, | 4.35) | 1.10 | (0.38, | 3.17) | 0.71 | (0.19, | 2.66) | 2.80 | (0.81, | 9.70) | |
| ΣHMW | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.14 | (0.72, | 1.80) | 0.98 | (0.59, | 1.63) | 0.93 | (0.63, | 1.38) | 0.54 | (0.33, | 0.88) * | 1.00 | (0.65, | 1.55) | |
| Q3 | 1.16 | (0.71, | 1.87) | 0.72 | (0.43, | 1.22) | 1.01 | (0.67, | 1.52) | 0.55 | (0.33, | 0.91) * | 0.76 | (0.48, | 1.21) | |
| Q4 | 0.81 | (0.48, | 1.38) | 0.72 | (0.43, | 1.23) | 0.85 | (0.56, | 1.30) | 0.92 | (0.56, | 1.50) | 0.78 | (0.48, | 1.27) | |
| ΣLMW | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.22 | (0.78, | 1.92) | 1.37 | (0.88, | 2.11) | 0.85 | (0.59, | 1.22) | 1.23 | (0.79, | 1.92) | 1.24 | (0.82, | 1.89) | |
| Q3 | 1.11 | (0.70, | 1.77) | 1.28 | (0.83, | 2.00) | 0.94 | (0.65, | 1.36) | 0.94 | (0.59, | 1.50) | 1.06 | (0.69, | 1.63) | |
| Q4 | 0.98 | (0.62, | 1.55) | 1.48 | (0.96, | 2.29) # | 0.71 | (0.50, | 1.03) # | 1.19 | (0.76, | 1.85) | 1.03 | (0.68, | 1.58) | |
| ΣDEHP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.90 | (0.57, | 1.43) | 0.82 | (0.50, | 1.34) | 0.90 | (0.61, | 1.33) | 0.81 | (0.51, | 1.30) | 1.11 | (0.72, | 1.72) | |
| Q3 | 1.25 | (0.79, | 1.98) | 0.74 | (0.45, | 1.21) | 1.06 | (0.72, | 1.57) | 0.71 | (0.43, | 1.15) | 0.96 | (0.61, | 1.50) | |
| Q4 | 0.69 | (0.41, | 1.15) | 0.66 | (0.40, | 1.09) | 0.86 | (0.57, | 1.30) | 1.11 | (0.69, | 1.80) | 0.88 | (0.55, | 1.42) | |
| ΣDBP | Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.94 | (0.60, | 1.47) | 1.21 | (0.80, | 1.84) | 1.01 | (0.71, | 1.43) | 1.05 | (0.68, | 1.62) | 1.32 | (0.87, | 1.99) | |
| Q3 | 1.14 | (0.73, | 1.78) | 1.29 | (0.84, | 1.98) | 0.74 | (0.51, | 1.06) | 1.01 | (0.65, | 1.58) | 1.28 | (0.84, | 1.95) | |
| Q4 | 0.85 | (0.53, | 1.35) | 1.28 | (0.82, | 1.99) | 0.77 | (0.53, | 1.12) | 0.89 | (0.56, | 1.41) | 1.27 | (0.82, | 1.95) | |
Abbreviations: MEHP (Mono-ethylhexyl phthalate); MEOHP (Mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate); MEHHP (Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl phthalate); MECPP (methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate); MCMHP (Mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate); MBzP (monobenzyl phthalate);MEP (monoethyl phthalate); MiBP (monoisobutyl phthalate); MnBP (mono-n-butyl phthalate); MMP (Mono-methyl phthalate); MiNP (Mono-isooctyl phthalate); ΣHMW (high molecular weight) = (Mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) + Mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) + Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl phthalate (MEHHP) + Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) + Mono-isooctyl phthalate (MiNP). ΣLMW (low molecular weight) = Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) + Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) + Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) + Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP). ∑DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [molar sum of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and Mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate (MCMHP]). ΣDBP (dibutyl phthalate) = Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) + Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). # p < 0.10 * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01. Adjusted for urinary creatinine, age, sex, education, and working status.