Table 3.
Measurement invariance testing by country (N = 74,071).
| Models | df | CFI a | TLI a | RMSEA a | ΔCFI | ΔTLI | ΔRMSEA | Model Comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO-5 | ||||||||
| 1. Configural | 75 | 0.982 | 0.964 | 0.073 | — | — | — | — |
| WHO-4 b | ||||||||
| 1. Configural | 30 | 0.996 | 0.989 | 0.045 | — | — | — | — |
| 2. Metric | 72 | 0.989 | 0.986 | 0.049 | −0.007 | −0.003 | 0.004 | 2 vs. 1 |
| 3. Scalar | 114 | 0.952 | 0.962 | 0.082 | −0.037 | −0.024 | 0.033 | 3 vs. 2 |
| 4. Partial Invariance c | 86 | 0.980 | 0.979 | 0.061 | −0.009 | −0.007 | 0.012 | 4 vs. 2 |
a Robust estimates are reported. b Item 1 was excluded. c Intercepts of items 2 and 3 are freed of constraints. Bold values indicate invariance is met. CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker Lewis Index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.