Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and test results in subjects with and without mild left ventricular hypertrophy.
| Parameter | Mild Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (+) n = 20 (28%) |
Mild Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (−) n = 51 (72%) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (years, SD) | 42 ± 6 | 41 ± 6 | 0.62 |
| Weight (kg, SD) | 82 ± 13 | 79 ± 11 | 0.32 |
| Height (cm, SD) | 180 ± 6 | 180 ± 7 | 0.96 |
| BMI (SD) | 25 ± 3 | 24 ± 3 | 0.27 |
| Sports discipline (n, %) endurance power |
16 (80) 4 (20) |
43 (84) 8 (16) |
0.66 |
| Weekly training load (h, SD) | 8 (1) | 7 (2) | 0.56 |
| Time of training (years, SD) | 8 (2) | 8 (1) | 0.61 |
| ECG parameters | |||
| Bradycardia (n, %) | 11 (55) | 26 (51) | 0.76 |
| Left axis deviation | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | 0.90 |
| Increase QRS voltage for LVH | 7 (35) | 7 (14) | 0.04 |
| Left atrial enlargement | 8 (40) | 13 (25) | 0.23 |
| Left anterior hemiblock | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.08 |
| T-wave inversion in infero-lateral leads | 3 (15) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
| TTE parameters | |||
| LVEDd (mm, SD) | 51 ± 3 | 51 ± 4 | 0.71 |
| IVSd (mm, SD) | 12 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| PWd (mm, SD) | 12 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| E/A (SD) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.05 |
| E/e’ (SD) | 7 ± 2 | 6 ± 1 | 0.26 |
| LAd (mm, SD) | 36 ± 21 | 36 ± 20 | 0.96 |
| LAA (cm2, SD) | 26 ± 6 | 21 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| AAd (mm, SD) | 34 ± 3 | 32 ± 3 | 0.05 |
| RWT (cm2) | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| LVMI (g/ m2) | 121 ± 18 | 94 ± 17 | <0.001 |
| LV geometry (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal geometry | 1 (5) | 39 (76) | |
| Concentric remodelling | 7 (35) | 7 (14) | |
| Concentric hypertrophy | 8 (40) | 0 (0) | |
| Eccentric hypertrophy | 4 (20) | 5 (10) | |
| ABPM parameters | |||
| Mean daily SBP (mmHg, SD) | 130 ± 12 | 122 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Mean daily DBP (mmHg, SD) | 78 ± 7 | 74 ± 6 | 0.03 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 14 (70) | 19 (37) | 0.01 |
| Exercise test parameters | |||
| BP at maximal exertion (mmHg, SD) | 191 ± 29 | 191 ± 25 | 0.92 |
| EBPR to exercise (n, %) | 7 (35) | 15 (29) | 0.68 |
AAd—ascending aorta diameter, BMI—body mass index, BP—blood pressure, DBP—diastolic blood pressure, E/A—early to late mitral inflow velocity, E/e’—early mitral inflow velocity and mitral annular early diastolic velocity, EBPR—exaggerated blood pressure response, LVEDd—end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle, IVSd—interventricular septal diameter, LAd—left atrial diameter, LAA—left atrial area, LV—left ventricle, LVMI—left ventricular mass index, PWd—posterior wall diameter, RWT—relative wall thickness, SBP—systolic blood pressure, SD—standard deviation.