Skip to main content
. 2022 Aug 9;23(16):8852. doi: 10.3390/ijms23168852

Table 6.

High-resolution respirometry findings in human diabetes studies.

Cell Type
(Harvest Site)		 Main Effects Normalization Ref.
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 Decreased OXPHOS capacity Citrate synthase [91]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity
Decreased ET capacity		 Tissue mass
Citrate synthase		 [88]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 When normalizing to tissue weight:
Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity
Decreased ET capacity

When normalizing to mtDNA content:
No changes in NADH-linked OXPHOS
No changes in OXPHOS capacity
No changes in ET capacity		 Tissue mass
mtDNA content		 [89]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 Decreased OXPHOS capacity
Decreased ET capacity		 Citrate synthase
mtDNA content		 [90]
Skeletal muscle
(deltoideus;
vastus lateralis)		 In vastus lateralis:
Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity

In deltoideus:
No change in NADH-linked OXPHOS
No change in OXPHOS capacity		 Citrate synthase [40]
Skeletal muscle
(rectus abdominis)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity
Decreased ET capacity		 Tissue mass [96]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity
Decreased ET capacity		 Tissue mass [75]
Skeletal muscle
(deltoideus;
vastus lateralis)		 In deltoideus muscle:
No changes NADH-linked OXPHOS
No changes in OXPHOS capacity

In vastus lateralis muscle:
Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased in OXPHOS capacity		 Citrate synthase [39]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity		 Tissue mass
Citrate synthase		 [92]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased OXPHOS capacity
Decreased ET capacity		 mtDNA content [93]
Skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis)		 No change in OXPHOS capacity
No change in ET capacity		 Citrate synthase [94]
Adipose tissue
(subcutaneous paraumbilical region:
superficial—above the fascia Scarpa;
deep—beneath the fascia Scarpa) 		No change in NADH-linked OXPHOS
No change in OXPHOS capacity
No change in ET capacity
Decreased RCR
Decreased LEAK control ratio		 Citrate synthase [98]
Adipose tissue
(subcutaneous abdominal region)		 No change in RCR Tissue mass
mtDNA content		 [97]
Heart muscle
(right atrium)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased succinate-linked OXPHOS
Decreased RCR		 Citrate synthase [100]
Heart muscle
(right atrium)		 Decreased NADH-linked OXPHOS
Decreased NADH-linked ET capacity
Decreased NADH-linked LEAK respiration
Decreased succinate-linked OXPHOS
Decreased succinate-linked ET capacity
Decreased succinate-linked LEAK respiration		 Volume
Citrate synthase		 [101]
Platelets
(venous blood)		 No change in NADH- and succinate linked OXPHOS
No change in ET capacity
No change in succinate-dependent ET capacity		 Number of cells [106]
Platelets
(venous blood)		 No change in NADH-linked OXPHOS
No change in OXPHOS capacity
No change in succinate-linked ET capacity
No change in ET capacity
No change in LEAK respiration
No change in R-L control efficiency (intact)
No change in P-L control efficiency (permeabilized)
No change in E-L coupling efficiency		 Number of cells [107]