Table 1.
Characteristics | Without GDM (N = 666) * | With GDM (N = 36) |
Missing/PNA/DN on Diabetes History (N = 194) |
p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age year (mean ± SD) | 33.0 ± 7.5 | 36.5 ± 8.5 | 36.5 ± 8.3 | 0.022 |
BMI, year (kg/m2 ± SD) | 27.5 ± 5.8 | 31.2 ± 6.0 | 28.7 ± 6.3 | 0.002 |
BMI levels, n (%) | 0.008 | |||
Normal or below (<25 kg/m2) | 201 (30.2) | 4 (11.1) | 29 (15.0) | |
Overweight (25 to <30 kg/m2) | 194 (29.1) | 9 (25.0) | 48 (24.7) | |
Obese (30+ kg/m2) | 160 (24.0) | 17 (47.2) | 43 (22.2) | |
Missing | 111 (16.7) | 6 (16.7) | 74 (38.1) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.148 | |||
Married | 545 (81.8) | 34 (94.4) | 163 (84.0) | |
Divorced or separated | 111 (16.7) | 2 (5.6) | 27 (13.9) | |
Widow or widower | 10 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.1) | |
Urbanicity, n (%) | 0.696 | |||
Rural or other non–urbans | 61 (9.2) | 2 (5.6) | 9 (4.6) | |
Urban (city) | 547 (82.1) | 30 (83.3) | 87 (44.9) | |
Missing/PNA/DN | 58 (8.7) | 4 (11.1) | 98 (50.5) | |
Education attainment, n (%) | 0.002 | |||
6 years of schooling or below | 20 (3.0) | 5 (13.9) | 67 (34.5) | |
>6–12 years of schooling | 235 (35.3) | 13 (36.1) | 46 (23.7) | |
>12 years of schooling | 411 (61.7) | 18 (50.0) | 81 (41.8) | |
Current overal health, n (%) | 0.010 | |||
Poor or fair | 152 (22.8) | 15 (41.7) | 177 (91.24) | |
Good or excellent | 514 (77.2) | 21 (58.3) | 17 (8.76) | |
With poly–cystic ovarian syndrome history, n (%) | 0.237 | |||
No | 460 (69.1) | 21 (58.3) | 6 (3.1) | |
Yes | 127 (19.1) | 11 (30.6) | 4 (2.1) | |
Missing/PNA/DN | 79 (11.9) | 4 (11.1) | 184 (94.9) |
* Compares without and with GDM groups using the t-test for continuous variables and the χ2 for categorical variables.