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. 2022 Jul 28;10(8):1413. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081413

Table 2.

Summary of the properties of topical anti-erosive agents in the literature.

Form a Protective Layer Modify Hydroxy-Apatite Modify
Salivary Pellicle
Neutralise Acid Supply Mineral Ions Inhibit MMPs
Fluoride agents
NaF × ×
AmF ? × × ?
SnF2 × ×
TiF4 ? × × ?
SDF ? ×
Calcium phosphate-based agents
CPP-ACP × × ×
CSSP × ? × ×
β-TCP × ? × ×
n-HAP × ? × ×
TMP/SHP * × ×
LPP × * × ×
Pyrophosphate ? × ×
Calcium lactate × ? × ×
Organic compounds
PVM/MA × ? × × ×
Carbopol × * × × ×
PGA × * × × ×
Arginine × ? × × ×
Aspartame ? × ? × × ×
CaneCPI-5 × × ×
Casein × × ×
Chitosan × × ×
Palm oil ? × × × ×
EGCG × × ×
Euclea natalensis × × ×
Proanthocyanidin × ? × ×
Other agents
EBTiO2 × ? × ×
Mg(OH)2 ? × ×
FeSO4 × ? × ×
NaHCO3 ? × ? × ×
CHX × ? ? ×

, positive impact; *, negative impact; ×, no property; ?, unknown; NaF, sodium fluoride; SnF2, stannous fluoride; AmF, amine fluoride; TiF4, titanium tetrafluoride; SDF, silver diamine fluoride; CPP-ACP, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate; CPP-ACFP, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate; CSSP, calcium silicate and sodium phosphate; β-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate; TMP, sodium trimetaphosphate; SHP, sodium hexametaphosphate; LPP, linear sodium polyphosphate; n-HAP, nano-hydroxyapatite; PVM/MA, polymethylvinylether-maleic anhydride; PGA, propylene glycol alginate; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; CaneCPI-5, sugarcane cystatin; EBTiO2, nano eggshell/titanium dioxide; Mg(OH)2, magnesium hydroxide; FeSO4, ferrous sulfate; NaHCO3, sodium bicarbonate; CHX, chlorhexidine.