. 2022 Aug 22;19(16):10438. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610438

Table 2.

Differences between female and male gamers in socio-demographic variables, gaming platform, gaming disorder, motives for gaming, depression symptoms, loneliness, and self-control.

Variables	Category	Female (N = 233)		Male (N = 419)		χ²	p	Cramer’s V
Variables	Category	N	Percent	N	Percent	χ²	p	Cramer’s V
Residence	Small city	10	4.29	36	8.59	13.78	0.003	0.15
	Medium city	34	14.59	61	14.56
	Large city	135	57.94	267	63.72
	Village	54	23.18	55	13.13
Marital status	Single	97	41.63	130	31.03	11.88	0.018	0.14
	In a relationship	71	30.47	127	30.31
	Married	61	26.18	154	36.75
	Divorced	4	1.72	5	1.19
	Widowed	0	0.00	3	0.72
Gaming Platform	Category	Female (N = 233)		Male (N = 419)		χ²	p	φ
Gaming Platform	Category	N	Percent	N	Percent	χ²	p	φ
Desktop computer	No	173	74.25	232	55.37	22.68	0.001	0.19
	Yes	60	25.75	187	44.63	22.68	0.001	0.19
Laptop	No	110	47.21	238	56.80	5.34	0.019	0.09
	Yes	123	52.79	181	43.20	5.34	0.019	0.09
Tablet	No	184	78.97	363	86.63	6.51	0.011	0.10
	Yes	49	21.03	56	13.37	6.51	0.011	0.10
Stationary console	No	177	75.97	176	42.00	69.56	0.001	0.33
	Yes	56	24.03	243	58.00	69.56	0.001	0.33
Smartphone	No	39	16.74	151	36.04	27.01	0.001	0.20
	Yes	194	83.26	268	63.96	27.01	0.001	0.20
Portable console	No	203	87.12	289	68.97	26.64	0.001	0.20
	Yes	30	12.88	130	31.03	26.64	0.001	0.20
Variables	Category	Female (N = 233)		Male (N = 419)		z	p	η²
Variables	Category	M	SD	M	SD	z	p	η²
Motives for gaming	Social	1.76	1.01	1.98	1.07	−3.48	0.001	0.02
	Escape	2.27	1.29	2.33	1.19	−1.34	0.179	0.01
	Competition	2.24	1.22	2.58	1.22	−3.72	0.001	0.02
	Coping	2.42	1.14	2.71	1.06	−3.40	0.001	0.02
	Skill development	2.58	1.25	2.83	1.23	−2.47	0.014	0.01
	Fantasy	2.14	1.26	2.37	1.24	−2.76	0.006	0.01
	Recreation	3.68	1.19	4.07	0.99	−4.01	0.001	0.02
Gaming disorder		13.79	6.72	16.47	8.00	−5.50	0.001	0.05
Gaming hours per week		7.12	9.34	12.48	11.75	−8.42	0.001	0.11
Depressive symptoms		6.57	5.90	5.94	5.38	−0.89	0.374	0.01
Loneliness		30.46	9.12	29.74	9.26	−1.22	0.224	0.01
Self-control		3.34	0.73	3.25	0.68	−1.18	0.238	0.01

Note: φ (phi) assesses the effect sizes for tests of independence in 2 × 2 contingency tables; η² (eta square) assesses the effect sizes for the Mann–Whitney two-sample tests.