Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Characteristics | Proportion |
|---|---|
| Publication type | |
| Preprint | 39/565 (6.90%) |
| Journal article | 421/565 (74.51%) |
| Abstract | 66/565 (11.68%) |
| Research letter/brief report | 39/565 (6.90%) |
| Language | |
| English | 555/565 (98.23%) |
| Other | 10/565 (1.77%) |
| Study design | |
| Cross-sectional | 142/565 (25.12%) |
| Longitudinal | 422/565 (74.69%) |
| With a control group | 83/565 (15%) |
| Follow-up ≥ 12 weeks | 377/565 (66.73%) |
| Median sample size (interquartile range) | 134 participants (73 to 397) |
| Median follow up (interquartile range) | 13 weeks (9 to 24) |
| Setting | |
| Country | |
| High income | 410/565 (72.57%) |
| Upper middle income | 96/565 (17.17%) |
| Lower middle income | 50/565 (8.85%) |
| Low income | 0/565 (0%) |
| Recruitment | |
| Community/contact tracing | 120/565 (21.24%) |
| Outpatient | 194/565 (34.34%) |
| Hospital | 327/565 (57.88%) |
| ICU | 192/565 (33.98%) |
| Population | |
| Children | 55/565 (9.73%) |
| Aged 0–5 | 26/565 (4.60%) |
| Aged 6–11 | 36/565 (6.37%) |
| Aged 11–18 | 50/565 (8.85%) |
| Adults | 528/565 (93.45%) |
| Only elderly adults | 7/565 (1%) |
| Subpopulation | |
| Healthcare workers | 22/565 (3.89%) |
| Pregnant persons | 1/565 (0.18%) |
| Socially vulnerable | 15/565 (2.65%) |
| Chronic conditions | 116/565 (20.53%) |
| Vaccinated | 4/565 (0.71%) |
| Severity | |
| Asymptomatic | 111/565 (19.65%) |
| Mild | 306/565 (54.16%) |
| Moderate | 346/565 (61.24%) |
| Severe | 353/565 (62.48%) |
| Critical | 311/565 (55.04%) |
| Prognostic factors | |
| Symptoms/onset | 182/565 (32.21%) |
| Severity/infection | 244/565 (43.19%) |
| Vaccination status | 3/565 (0.53%) |
| Age | 243/565 (43.01%) |
| Gender/sex | 238/565 (42.12%) |
| Race/ethnicity | 48/565 (8.50%) |
| Socio-economic status | 43/565 (7.61%) |
| Comorbidities | 200/565 (35.40%) |
| Non-Communicable Diseases | 131/565 (23.19%) |
| Immunosuppression | 24/565 (4.25%) |
| Outcomes | |
| Cardiovascular functioning | 227/565 (40.18%) |
| Fatigue or Exhaustion | 307/565 (54.34%) |
| Pain | 281/565 (49.73%) |
| Nervous system functioning | 324/565 (57.35%) |
| Cognitive functioning | 146/565 (25.84%) |
| Mental functioning | 241/565 (42.65%) |
| Respiratory functioning | 401/565 (70.97%) |
| Post-exertion symptoms | 156/565 (27.61%) |
| Health-related Quality of Life | 92/565 (16.28%) |
| Changes in work/occupation and study | 57/565 (10.09%) |
| Survival related to long-COVID-19 | 25/565 (4.42%) |
| Recovery/duration of symptoms | 135/565 (23.89%) |
| Need for rehabilitation/resource use | 101/565 (17.88%) |
| Other complications/sequelae | 271/565 (47.96%) |