Figure 1.

The effect of HVE and HT treatment (24 h) on the release of IL-17C (a,b) and MMP-9 (c,d) by HaCaT cells challenged by TNF-α (10 ng/mL), measured by the ELISA assay. HT was not effective until the highest concentration tested (10 μM corresponding to 4.93 μg/mL). The data are expressed in percentages, relative to the stimulated control, which is arbitrarily assigned a value of 100%. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus stimulus. HVE, Hamamelis virginiana bark extract; reference inhibitor: E, epigallocatechin gallate (20 μM).