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. 2022 Aug 10;23(16):8927. doi: 10.3390/ijms23168927

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Enhanced translational activity occurs after chromatin structure attains an open configuration, generally following DNA and histone demethylation and histone acetylation. This dynamic epigenetic mechanism is fueled by a group of enzymes that are categorized by their characteristic of presenting or reverting the methyl and acetyl groups on the histone or DNA structure. DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; TET: Ten-eleven translocation enzymes; HDAC: histone deacetylase; HAT: histone acetylase; HMT: histone methyl transferase; HDM: histone demethylase; Me: methyl group; Ac: acetyl group.