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. 2022 Aug 21;23(16):9448. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169448

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The role and regulatory mechanism of BAT activation in DIT in health and diseases. (A) Under healthy condition, dietary intake could promote BAT activation (facultative DIT) and total DIT to facilitate whole-body energy metabolism. (B) Under disease conditions: (1) Metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and NAFLD, dietary intake-induced BAT activation, and total DIT will be attenuated and might subsequently, affect whole-body energy balance and weight control. (2) Cancer-associated Cachexia (CAC) is characterized by systemic inflammation, which could enhance thermogenesis in BAT and increase systemic energy expenditure. However, low DIT were noted in the development of cancer cachexia.