Figure 4.

Metformin mitigated signaling molecule expression in tumor tissues. ND-fed lean and HFD-fed obese mice were subcutaneously inoculated with LLC cells over a course of three weeks. Three days after cell implantation, ND-fed lean mice were treated daily with saline vehicle through intraperitoneal injection (ND). HFD-fed obese mice were separated into two groups receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of a saline vehicle (HFD) or metformin (50 mg/kg, HFD/Metformin) for the final 18 days. The levels of specific proteins in the resected tumor tissues were measured using Western blot with indicated antibodies. Intensity of the specific protein was first normalized with that of GAPDH. For the calculation of relative content, the levels of normalized intensity in ND group were defined as 100%. Representative blots and quantitative data are shown. * p < 0.05 vs. ND and # p < 0.05 vs. HFD, n = 6.