Figure 6.

Metformin decreased signaling molecule expression in LLC cells. Metformin (0–5 mM) was added to the cultured media of LLC cells for 24 h. The levels of specific proteins in the cell lysates were measured using Western blot with indicated antibodies. Intensity of the specific protein was first normalized with that of GAPDH. For the calculation of relative content, the levels of normalized intensity in metformin (0 mM) group were defined as 100%. Representative blots and quantitative data are shown (A). The levels of HMGB1 in the cultured supernatants were measured using ELISA (B). * p < 0.05 vs. metformin (0 mM), n = 4.