| OPMDs | Oral potentially malignant disorders |
| OSCC | Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| OLK | Oral leukoplakia |
| OLP | Oral lichen planus |
| OSF | Oral submucous fibrosis |
| OLL | Oral lichenoid lesions |
| OEL | Oral erythroleukoplakia |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| IL | Interleukin |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| NETs | Neutrophil extracellular traps |
| DCs | Dendritic cells |
| 4NQO | 4-nitroquinoline-oxide |
| MDSCs | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
| Th cells | Helper T cells |
| CTLs | Cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-γ |
| Tregs | Regulatory T cells |
| PD-1 | Programmed cell death protein-1 |
| CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 |
| TIGIT | Ig and ITIM domains |
| LAG-3 | Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 |
| TIM-3 | T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
| CAFs | Cancer-associated fibroblasts |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |