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. 2022 Aug 18;23(16):9310. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169310

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Osmotic adjustment and cell-wall modification processes for cell expansion in response to drought stress in crop roots. Drought stress limits root growth while triggering the regulatory mechanisms of an osmoprotectant. Regulatory genes are activated to accumulate osmolytes and modify cell-wall components for extensibility. The regulated cellular osmotic status and cell walls assist the expansion of root cells and, therefore, maintain growth of crop roots under drought stress. EXPs, EXPANSIN genes; P5CR, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase gene; P5CS, pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene; SUS, sucrose synthase gene; TCH4, xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase gene.