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. 2022 Aug 18;23(16):9296. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169296

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Diets low in choline, variants in genes involved in endogenous choline production, and estrogen deficiency may trigger a chronic choline-deficient state, which may increase the risk of developing NAFLD. Individuals possessing more than one of these factors are expected to be at greater risk of developing a choline-deficient state. Other factors, such as pregnancy and gut dysbiosis, may also affect choline bioavailability.