Table 3.
Competing risk regression analysis for predictors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with bladder cancer.
| Characteristics | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR [95%CI] | p * | Adjusted HR [95%CI] | p * | |
| Age (yrs) | ||||
| 00–50 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 51–60 | 2.036 [1.715–2.418] | <0.001 | 1.804 [1.523–2.137] | <0.001 |
| 61–70 | 2.937 [2.495–3.459] | <0.001 | 2.249 [1.913–2.644] | <0.001 |
| 71–80 | 4.223 [3.596–4.960] | <0.001 | 2.858 [2.436–3.354] | <0.001 |
| 81+ | 5.788 [4.929–6.796] | <0.001 | 3.855 [3.285–4.525] | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Black | 0.765 [0.720–0.814] | <0.001 | 0.989 [0.929–1.052] | 0.723 |
| AIAN | 0.848 [0.784–0.917] | <0.001 | 0.895 [0.827–0.968] | 0.006 |
| API | 0.696 [0.511–0.946] | 0.021 | 0.916 [0.682–1.232] | 0.563 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Female | 0.739 [0.716–0.763] | <0.001 | 0.755 [0.730–0.780] | <0.001 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 2000–2003 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 2004–2007 | 1.044 [1.013–1.077] | 0.006 | 1.062 [1.030–1.095] | <0.001 |
| 2008–2011 | 1.003 [0.968–1.039] | 0.886 | 1.133 [1.092–1.174] | <0.001 |
| 2012–2016 | 0.816 [0.779–0.855] | <0.001 | 1.149 [1.094–1.208] | <0.001 |
| Histologic Type | ||||
| Tcc | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Scc | 0.459 [0.409–0.515] | <0.001 | 0.734 [0.655–0.823] | <0.001 |
| Nec | 0.244 [0.192–0.311] | <0.001 | 0.446 [0.349–0.571] | <0.001 |
| Ac | 0.399 [0.338–0.471] | <0.001 | 0.896 [0.758–1.059] | 0.197 |
| Oet | 0.686 [0.604–0.778] | <0.001 | 0.942 [0.830–1.069] | 0.358 |
| Summary stage | ||||
| In situ | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Localized | 0.553 [0.538–0.568] | <0.001 | 0.562 [0.546–0.579] | <0.001 |
| Regional | 0.204 [0.190–0.218] | <0.001 | 0.271 [0.251–0.292] | <0.001 |
| Distant | 0.087 [0.077–0.098] | <0.001 | 0.105 [0.093–0.119] | <0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| TURBT | 1.291 [1.217–1.370] | <0.001 | 0.953 [0.898–1.011] | 0.11 |
| PC | 0.665 [0.579–0.764] | <0.001 | 0.889 [0.773–1.023] | 0.099 |
| RC | 0.393 [0.361–0.429] | <0.001 | 0.715 [0.652–0.784] | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Separated | 0.730 [0.605–0.879] | 0.001 | 0.999 [0.828–1.205] | 0.993 |
| Divorced | 0.807 [0.765–0.851] | <0.001 | 1.055 [0.999–1.113] | 0.052 |
| Widowed | 1.119 [1.085–1.154] | <0.001 | 1.079 [1.043–1.116] | <0.001 |
| Unmarried | 0.808 [0.770–0.848] | <0.001 | 1.066 [1.016–1.119] | 0.01 |
| Education level | ||||
| College level ≤50% | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| College level >50% | 0.929 [0.883–0.979] | 0.006 | 0.926 [0.870–0.986] | 0.017 |
| Median household income | ||||
| ≤USD 50,000 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| USD 50,000–100,000 | 1.025 [0.991–1.059] | 0.151 | 0.999 [0.966–1.033] | 0.955 |
| >USD 100,000 | 0.975 [0.908–1.046] | 0.473 | 0.963 [0.885–1.048] | 0.383 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AIAN, American Indian/Alaska Native; API, Asian or Pacific Islander; Tcc, transitional cell carcinoma; Scc, squamous cell carcinoma; Nec, neuroendocrine carcinoma; Ac, adenocarcinoma; Oet, other epithelial tumors; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor; PC, partial cystectomy; RC, radical cystectomy. * A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.