Figure 1.

Mitochondrial quality control pathways. Multiple mitochondrial quality control pathways have emerged to maintain mitochondrial function. (A) Impaired mitochondrial import induces UPR^mt, which promotes chaperone and protease gene expression through activation of transcription factors such as ATFS-1. (B) Mitochondrial dynamics sustain a balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission to maintain mitochondrial function. (C) Mitochondrial components and damaged mitochondria are eventually degraded by mitophagy. Abbreviations: ATFS-1, activating transcription factor associated with stress-1; UPR^mt, mitochondrial unfolded protein response.