Table 1.
The effects of antidiabetic drugs on mitochondrial function.
| Substance | Pathway or Category | Effects on Mitochondria | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| TZDs | PPARs agonistic | Enhanced fatty acid oxidation |
[161] |
| Metformin | Complex I inhibition | Inhibited respiratory chain | [162] |
| Pioglitazone | PPAR-γ/PGC-1α Pathway | Improved mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics |
[163] |
| Resveratrol | SIRT1-PGC-1α axis | Induced mitochondrial biogenesis |
[164] |
| MitoQ | Nrf2/PINK1 pathway | Restored mitophagy | [159] |
| Mdivi1 | Inhibitor of Drp1 | Inhibited mitochondrial fission |
[165] |
| Dynasore | Inhibitor of Drp1 | Inhibited mitochondrial fission |
[166] |
| Empagliflozin | AMPK/SP1/PGAM5 pathway | Inhibited mitochondrial fission |
[167] |
| rPGRN | PGRN- SIRT1-PGC-1α/FoxO1 pathway | Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy |
[160] |
Abbreviations: TZDs, thiazolidinediones; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1alpha; SIRT1, sirtuin1; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1; Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; SP1, specificity protein 1; PGAM5, phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5; rPGRN, recombinant human progranulin; FoxO1, forkhead box O1.