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. 2022 Aug 17;23(16):9241. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169241

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The influence of crude C. majus latex (S1), protein fraction (S2), and alkaloid-rich fraction (S3) on the infectivity of HPV pseudovirions in HaCaT cells. PsV-HPVs and non-toxic concentrations of crude latex, alkaloid-rich fraction, and protein fraction were added to the cells, and after 48 h of incubation the luminescence level was measured using a spectrophotometer. The luminescence intensity of a given sample corresponded to the infectivity of the virus in HaCaT cells. The lowest level of infectivity (the lowest intensity of luminescence) was observed for cells treated with the crude latex (27.5%). For the cells treated with alkaloid-rich fraction and protein fraction, the intensity of luminescence equaled 77.1% and 64.4%, respectively. S1—cells treated with crude latex, S2—cells treated with protein fraction, S3—cells treated with alkaloid-rich fraction, Control—untreated cells. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.