TABLE 2. Examples of included community-level and national- or policy-level interventions, classified by the components of the NOURISHING framework (19).
Intervention component |
Examples of interventions |
Comment |
---|---|---|
N 1 |
Regulations on standard nutritional information labelling; front-of-pack sugar warnings (24–26) |
Least commonly reported |
O |
School nutrition policies; school lunch programmes; offering fortified snacks; healthier foods on supermarket shelves (23, 27–30) |
Least commonly reported |
U |
Taxes and subsidy-framed messages on vending machines (26) |
NA |
R |
Tackling marketing of breastmilk substitutes and general advertising to children (25, 31, 32) |
NA |
I 1 |
Reformulation of preschool meals; salt reduction by food businesses; wheat/rice fortification (21, 33, 34) |
NA |
S |
Incentives for food businesses to reduce salt; school nutrition policies; taxation or import ban of unhealthy foods (21, 29, 35, 36) |
Always accompanied by other components, most commonly with (O) |
H |
Legislative frameworks and intersectoral coordination to support food fortification; introduction of new cultivars to farmers; land reform; MAISMA project (WHO-guided multifaceted salt reduction intervention) (36–39) |
Always accompanied by other components, most commonly with (I1) |
I 2 |
Public awareness campaigns; promotion of national dietary guidelines; national policies to limit fat and salt intake; school nutrition programs (22, 29, 39, 40) |
Commonly reported; typically ran in tandem with projects with wider scope, most commonly with (G) and (O) |
N 2 |
Breastfeeding promotion; diabetes self-management programs (31, 41–44) |
NA |
G |
School and community gardening; curriculum-based nutritional education within schools; curriculum-based behavior-change program targeting fruit and vegetable intake in middle-aged women (45–50) |
Most commonly reported |
Other |
Provision of ready-to-use infant formulas in camps for internally displaced people during humanitarian response following an earthquake; training of children as peer influencers in school social networks to increase water consumption and decrease consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (51, 52) |
These interventions are not classifiable by the NOURISHING framework as they lacked sufficient detail or differed greatly from the existing components. |
NA, not applicable.
Source: prepared by the authors from the results of this review.