Table 2.
Regression analysis for glaucoma and IOPmax according to intensity of physical activity.
| No Exercise | Walking Only | Moderate Intensity Exercise | Vigorous Intensity Exercise | p ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 651 | n = 2337 | n = 1132 | n = 2408 | ||
| Glaucoma | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.559 (0.253–1.233) | 0.360 (0.131–0.990) * | 0.291 (0.123–0.687) † | 0.027 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.527 (0.236–1.176) | 0.396 (0.139–1.130) | 0.380 (0.144–1.005) | 0.235 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.373 (0.159–0.877) * | 0.338 (0.117–0.974) * | 0.233 (0.085–0.637) † | 0.042 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.351 (0.149–0.826) * | 0.332 (0.114–0.970) * | 0.222 (0.080–0.615) † | 0.034 |
| Model 4 | 1 | 0.303 (0.126–0.730) † | 0.322 (0.109–0.945) * | 0.183 (0.068–0.495) † | 0.010 |
| Model 5 | 1 | 0.306 (0.129–0.727) † | 0.329 (0.112–0.962) * | 0.182 (0.067–0.490) † | 0.009 |
| IOPmax | |||||
| Unadjusted | 14.38 ± 0.147 | 14.62 ± 0.09 | 14.51 ± 0.118 | 14.86 ± 0.08 † | 0.003 |
| Model 1 | 14.36 ± 0.146 | 14.60 ± 0.089 | 14.47 ± 0.119 | 14.75 ± 0.084 * | 0.031 |
| Model 2 | 14.34 ± 0.154 | 14.62 ± 0.095 | 14.43 ± 0.124 | 14.75 ± 0.088 * | 0.025 |
| Model 3 | 14.53 ± 0.170 | 14.79 ± 0.110 | 14.62 ± 0.139 | 14.94 ± 0.109 * | 0.024 |
| Model 4 | 14.55 ± 0.170 | 14.79 ± 0.110 | 14.65 ± 0.141 | 14.96 ± 0.109 * | 0.026 |
Unadjusted: no adjustment; model 1: adjusted by age and BMI; model 2: model 1+ smoking, alcohol intake, total energy intake, caffeine intake, monthly household income; model 3: model 2+ diabetes, hypertensioncold hand and foot; model 4: model 3+ right spherical equivalents or left equivalents; model 5: model 4+ IOPmax Glaucoma expressed in 95% confidence intervals and IOP was summarized mean ± standard errors, *: indicate, if p < 0.05, †: indicate, if p < 0.01 compared with no exercise group, p ‡ value for trend p value.