Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants and comparison between diagnostic and non-diagnostic Holter.
| Characteristic | Study Cohort n = 478 (%) |
Diagnostic Holter n = 25 (%) |
Non-Diagnostic n = 453 (%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 75 ± 14 | 82 ± 6.2 | 74 ± 14.5 | <0.001 |
| Female gender | 217 (45) | 9 (36) | 16 (64) | 0.332 |
| Hypertension | 295 (62) | 19 (76) | 276 (61) | 0.131 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 140 (29) | 11 (44) | 129 (28.5) | 0.097 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 263 (55) | 17 (68) | 246 (54.5) | 0.188 |
| TIA/CVA | 82 (17) | 8 (32) | 74 (16) | 0.043 |
| Heart Failure * | 0.004 | |||
| HFrEF | 16 (3.3) | 1 (4) | 15 (3.3) | |
| HFpEF | 35 (7.3) | 6 (24) | 29 (6.4) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 119 (25) | 6 (24) | 113 (25) | 0.910 |
| Structural heart disease † | 83 (17) | 8 (32) | 75 (17) | 0.047 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 88 (18) | 10 (40) | 78 (17) | 0.004 |
| Beta blocker use | 193 (40) | 17 (68) | 176 (39) | 0.004 |
| ND-CCB use | 4 (0.8) | 0 | 4 (0.9) | 0.637 |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | 18 (3.8) | 0 | 18 (4) | 0.310 |
| COPD | 40 (8.4) | 5 (20) | 35 (8) | 0.031 |
Abbreviations: TIA, transient ischemic attack; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; HF, heart failure; rEF, reduced ejection fraction; pEF, preserved ejection fraction; ND-CCB, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. *: Reduced ejection fraction includes left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less. †: Echocardiographic evidence of either hypertensive/ischemic/valvular heart disease or cardiomyopathy.