Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Effect of probiotics on kidney and pancreas. IL-6: interleukin-6; IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate 1 protein; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; AKT: protein kinase B; SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; p65: transcription nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor alpha; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-10: interleukin 10; PDX-1: insulin promoter factor 1; ClC-2: chloride channel protein 2; ↓: decrease; ↑: increase.
