Table 2.
Positive probiotic effects on some blood parameters in selected animal models studies.
| Altered Blood Parameters |
Type of Probiotic | Species | Physiological/Pathological Condition and/or Diet | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ Postprandial blood glucose | Lactobacillus rhamnosus (YC, 7-1), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (N3, 7-2) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (M2) | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[77] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [78] | |
| ↓ FPG |
Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (alone or combination of both) |
rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [79] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum TN627 | Rat | Alloxan-induced diabetes | [80] | |
| Bifidobacterium animalis 01 | Rat | High-fat chow diet STZ-induced diabetes |
[81] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[82] | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (YC, 7-1), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (N3) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (M2) | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[77] | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (BSL and R23) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [83] | |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF diabetes |
[84] | |
| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 | Rat | Diet-induced obesity | [85] | |
| Lactobacillus fermentum RS-2 | Rat | Alloxan-induced diabetes | [86] | |
|
Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® |
Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [87] | |
|
Weissella cibaria MG5285, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MG5149, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4502, Lactobacillus gasseri MG4524 |
Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [88] | |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
| Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 | Mouse | HFD ZDF-induced diabetes |
[90] | |
| Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] | |
| Lactibiane Tolérance® | Mouse | HFD | [92] | |
|
Lactobacillus salivarus AP-32 Lactobacillus reuteri GL-104 |
Mouse | Db/db obesity | [93] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [78] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum YJ7 | Mouse | HFD | [94] | |
|
Bifidobacterium longum BR-108 (inactivated) |
Mouse | Obese diabetes | [95] | |
| L. rhamnosus L12, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum HM218749, B. animalis subsp. lactis LPL-RH, B. longum subsp. longum BAMA-B05/BAu-B1024) | Mouse | Glucose STZ-induced diabetes |
[96] | |
| L. rhamnosus L12, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum HM218749, B. animalis subsp. lactis LPL-RH, B. longum subsp. longum BAMA-B05/BAu-B1024) | Mouse | Glucose water -induced diabetes |
[96] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [97] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [98] | |
| Lactobacillus casei Shirota YIT 9029 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [99] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [100] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [101] | |
| Bifidobacterium longum | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [102] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[103] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[104] | |
|
Akkermansia municiphila and its extracellular vesicles |
Mouse | HFD | [105] | |
| VSL#3 composite probiotics | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [106] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 | Mouse | HFD | [107] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus SJLH001 | Mouse | HFD | [108] | |
| Lactobacillus casei Zhang | Rat | Hyperinsulinemia | [109] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.1003 and KLDS1.0901 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[110] | |
| ↓ HbA1c | Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (alone or combination of both) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [79] |
| Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 | Rat | High-fructose diet | [51] | |
| Bifidobacterium animalis 01 | Rat | High-fat chow diet STZ-induced diabetes |
[81] | |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF diabetes |
[84] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [78] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [100] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [101] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[103] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[104] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.1003 and KLDS1.0901 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[110] | |
| SLAB51 composite probiotics | Mouse | AD | [111] | |
| HOMA-IR improvement (reduction) | Bifidobacterium animalis 01 | Rat | High-fat chow diet STZ-induced diabetes |
[81] |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[82] | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (YC), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (N3) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (M2) | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[77] | |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF diabetes |
[84] | |
|
Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® |
Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [87] | |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
| Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 | Mouse | HFD ZDF-induced diabetes |
[90] | |
| Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] | |
| Lactibiane Tolérance® | Mouse | HFD | [92] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [78] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum YJ7 | Mouse | HFD | [94] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [97] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [100] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [101] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[103] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[104] | |
| VSL#3 composite probiotics | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [106] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[110] | |
| HOMA-B reduction | Romboutsia ilealis DSM 25109 | Mouse | Western diet-induced diabetes | [112] |
| ↓ fasting insulin levels | Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[82] |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF diabetes |
[84] | |
|
Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® |
Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [87] | |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
| Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] | |
| Romboutsia ilealis DSM 25109 | Mouse | Western diet-induced diabetes | [112] | |
| Lactibiane Tolérance® | Mouse | HFD | [92] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [78] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[110] | |
| ↑ insulin levels | Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (alone or combination of both) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [79] |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (BSL and R23) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [83] | |
| 14 composite probiotics | Mouse | Db/db diabetes | [100] | |
| Insulin sensitivity improvement (↑ ISI, QUICKI test or others) | Lactobacillus rhmanosus (GG, YC), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (7-2) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (35) | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[77] |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (BSL and R23) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [83] | |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [113] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [78] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [97] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[110] | |
| Glucose tolerance improvement (OGTT) |
Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 | Mouse | HFD | [45] |
| Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (alone or combination of both) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [79] | |
| Lactobacillus rhmanosus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (all together 9 strains) | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[77] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[82] | |
| Bifidobacterium animalis 01 | Rat | High-fat chow diet STZ-induced diabetes |
[81] | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (BSL and R23) | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [83] | |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus | Rat | HFD ZDF diabetes |
[84] | |
|
Weissella cibaria MG5285, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MG5149, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4502, Lactobacillus gasseri MG4524 |
Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [88] | |
| Romboutsia ilealis DSM 25109 | Mouse | Western diet-induced diabetes | [112] | |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
|
Lactobacillus salivarus AP-32 Lactobacillus reuteri GL-104 |
Mouse | Db/db obesity | [93] | |
| Bifidobacterium longum BR-108 (inactivated) | Mouse | Obese diabetes | [95] | |
| L. rhamnosus L12, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum HM218749, B. animalis subsp. lactis LPL-RH, B. longum subsp. longum BAMA-B05/BAu-B1024) | Mouse | Glucose STZ-induced diabetes |
[96] | |
| L. rhamnosus L12, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum HM218749, B. animalis subsp. lactis LPL-RH, B. longum subsp. longum BAMA-B05/BAu-B1024) | Mouse | Glucose water- Induced diabetes |
[96] | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Mouse | Db/db obesity | [114] | |
| Bifidobacterium longum | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [102] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[103] | |
| Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [115] | |
| Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [116] | |
| Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 | Rat | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[104] | |
| VSL#3 composite probiotics | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [106] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus SJLH001 | Mouse | HFD | [108] | |
| Lactobacillus casei Zhang | Rat | Hyperinsulinemia | [109] | |
| ↑ osteocalcin | Lactobacillus casei Zhang | Rat | Hyperinsulinemia | [109] |
| ↓ IL-6 | Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF-induced diabetes |
[84] |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum YJ7 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [94] | |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [113] | |
| Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] | |
| ↓ TNF-α | Lactobacillus plantarum YJ7 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [94] |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [113] | |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF-induced diabetes |
[84] | |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
| Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] | |
| SLAB51 composite probiotics | Mouse | AD | [117] | |
| Bifidobacterium animalis 01 | Rat | High-fat chow diet STZ-induced diabetes |
[81] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[78] | |
| ↓ IL-1β | Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum YJ7 | Mouse | HFD-induced obesity | [94] | |
| Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF-induced diabetes |
[84] | |
| ProbiogluTM | Rat | STZ-induced diabetes | [89] | |
| SLAB51 composite probiotics | Mouse | AD | [117] | |
| ↑ IL-10 | Heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus |
Rat | HFD ZDF-induced diabetes |
[84] |
| Lactobacillus casei LC89 | Mouse | STZ-induced diabetes | [91] | |
| Bifidobacterium animalis 01 | Rat | High-fat chow diet STZ-induced diabetes |
[81] | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM0236 | Mouse | HFD STZ-induced diabetes |
[78] |
T2D: type 2 diabetes; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycohemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; HOMA-B: index reflecting pancreatic beta-cell function; ISI: insulin sensitivity index; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin 10; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor alpha; ZDF: Zucker diabetic fatty; HFD: high-fat diet; STZ: streptozotocin; Db/db: genetically mutated model for type 2 diabetes with improper leptin receptor function; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ↓: decrease; ↑: increase.