Table 8.
Antigen-based African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccines.
| Vaccine Type | ASFV Target Protein (Strain) | Number of Immunizations; Dose, Adjuvant | Specific/Neutralizing Antibodies | T Cell Response | Challenge Strain; Dose | Clinical Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baculovirus-expressed proteins | CD2v (E75CV) | 3×; 0.5–1 × 107 HAU + Freund’s adjuvant | Yes; No | NA | E75; 4 × 102 | 100% protection, n = 3/3 | [247] |
| Baculovirus-expressed proteins | p30, p54, p54 + p30 (E75) | 3×; 100 μg + Freund’s adjuvant | Yes; Yes | NA | E75; 5 × 102 | 50% protection, n = 3/6 | [248] |
| Baculovirus-expressed proteins | p54/p30 chimera (E75) | 5×; 100 μg + Freund’s adjuvant | Yes; Yes | NA | E75; 5 × 102 | 100% protection, n = 2/2 | [249] |
| Baculovirus-expressed proteins | p54 + p30 + p72 + p22 (Pr4) | 4×; 200 μg + Freund’s adjuvant | Yes; Yes | NA | Pr4; 104 | Slight delay of clinical disease and viremia; no protection, (n = 0/6) | [250] |
| HEK cell-expressed proteins | p72, p54, p12 (Georgia 2007/1) | 2×; 200 μg/antigen + TS6 adjuvant | Yes; NA | Some | NA | NA | [251] |
| DNA (pCMV) | SLA-II/p54/p30 fusion (E75) | 3×; 600 μg | Yes; No | Yes | E75; 104 | No protection, (n = 0/4) | [252] |
| DNA (pCMV) | sHA/p54/p30 fusion (E75) | 3× and 4×; 600 μg | Yes; No | Yes | E75; 104 | No protection, (n = 0/6) | [253] |
| DNA (pCMV) | Ub/sHA/p54/p30 fusion (E75) | 2× and 4×; 600 μg | Not detectable | Yes | E75; 104 | Partial protection, (2 immunizations, n = 2/6; 4 immunizations, n = 1/6) | [253] |
| DNA expression library | 80 ORFs fragments fused with Ub (Ba71V) | 2×; 600 μg | Yes—after challenge; NA | Yes-after challenge | E75; 104 | 60% protection (n = 6/10) | [254] |
| BacMam | sHA/p54/p30 fusion (E75) | 3×; 107 PFU | No (only after challenge); No | Yes | E75; 2× sublethal challenge 102 | Partial protection (n = 4/6) | [255] |
| Adenovirus | p30 + p54 + pp62 + p72 (Georgia 2007/1) | 2×; 1010 or 1011 per Ad5-antigen + adjuvants | Yes; NA | Yes | NA | NA | [256] |
| Adenovirus | A151R + B119L + B602L + EP402RΔPRR + B438L + K205R + A104R (Georgia 2007/1) |
2×; 1011 per Ad5-antigen + adjuvant | Yes; NA | Yes | NA | NA | [156] |
| Vaccinia virus Ankara | p72, C-type Lectin, CD2v (Georgia 2007/1) | 2×; rVACV-ASFV 107 TCID50 | No; NA | Yes | NA | NA | [251] |
| Alphavirus RPs | p30, p54, p72, sHA/72 (Ba71V) | 3×; 2–4.5 × 107 RPs | Yes; NA | NA | NA | NA | [257] |
| DNA–Protein | Combinations of DNA and protein: p15, p30, p35, p54, p72, CD2v, CP312R, g5R (Georgia 2007/1; Ba71V) | 3×; 100 μg per DNA, 100 μg protein + ISA25 adjuvant | Yes; Yes | Some | NA | NA | [258] |
| DNA–Protein | Proteins: p15, p35, p54, p17; DNA: CD2v, p72, p54, p30, p17 (Georgia 2007/1; Ba71V) | 3×; 100 μg per DNA, 100 μg protein + ISA25 adjuvant | Yes; No | Some | Armenia 2007; 360 HAU | No protection; disease enhancement | [259] |
| DNA prime + vaccinia virus boost | 47 antigens (Georgia 2007/1) | Prime 2×: 10 μg pCMV-DNA + CpG oligo adjuvant;Boost 2×: 108 PFU rVACV-ASFV | Yes; No | Yes | Georgia 2007/1; 104 | No protection; reduced viral load, higher clinical scores | [260] |
| Vaccinia virus prime + protein boost | p72, C-type Lectin, CD2v (Georgia 2007/1) | Prime: rVACV-ASFV 107 TCID50; Boost: 200 μg/antigen + TS6 adjuvant | NA | Yes | NA | NA | [251] |
| Alphavirus RP prime + live attenuated ASFV boost | p30 (Ba71V) + OURT88/3 | Prime 2×: 2–4.5 × 107 RPs; Boost: 104 TCID50 OURT88/3 | Yes; Yes | NA | NA | NA | [257] |
| p30 referred to as p32; CD2v also referred to as HA = hemagglutinin; NA = not available. | |||||||