Table 1.
The effect of COVID-19 on Pulmonary.
| SN | Citations | PS | ME | Comorbidities | Outcome | Vascular Damage | Imaging Modalities | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hasan et al. [92] (2020) | NR | LBBM | NR | COVID-19—A vascular disease | COVID-19—A vascular disease | CT | NR |
| 2 | Lang et al. [82] (2020) | 45 | LBBM | Cancer | In COVID-19 pneumonia, pulmonary vascular anomalies such as vessel hypertrophy and regional mosaic perfusion patterns are frequent. | Pulmonary vascular dilatation can occur not just within lung opacities, but also in a regional pattern outside of parenchymal opacities, and it can even affect the subpleural lung. | CT | NR |
| 3 | Ackermann et al. [93] (2020) |
07 | LBBM | Hypertension | The greater degree of endothelialitis and thrombosis in the lungs of patients with intussusceptive angiogenesis observed in these patients may have contributed to tissue hypoxia in both groups of patients. | Endothelialitis and thrombosis in the lung | CT | NR |
| 4 | Lins et al. [94] (2020) |
NR | LBBM | NR | COVID-19 etiology involves pulmonary hemodynamic changes in the lung. | The pulmonary arterial density and tiny blood vessel volume were determined. | CT | NR |
| 5 | Hékimian et al. [95] (2020) |
51 | LBBM | Hypertension | Pulmonary infarction and agenesis observed | Pulmonary infarction | CT | NR |
| 6 | Espallargas et al. [96] (2020) |
804 | LBBM | NR | Elevation of D-dimer increases the risk of pulmonary embolism | It is possible that PE primarily affects the segmental arteries and the right lung in COVID-19 individuals. | CT | NR |
| 7 | Kho et al. [97] (2020) |
15 | LBBM | Dyspnoea | Radiological characteristics of COVID-19 included traction bronchiectasis, organising pneumonia, airspace opacification, inter/intra-lobular septal thickening, and bilateral peripheral subpleural ground-glass opacities. | Ground-glass opacities and areas of consolidation near the base | CT | NR |
| 8 | Miró et al. [98] (2021) | 62 | LBBM | CVD, Hypertension | D-dimer increases risk of pulmonary embolism | Pulmonary infarction | CT | NR |
| 9 | Scholkmann et al. [99] (2021) | 01 | LBBM | NR | Although focal vessel enlargement within ground-glass opacities was described in early imaging investigations of COVID-19, we have noted additional extensive vascular abnormalities. | vasculopathy was a direct viral effect on endothelial cells or perivascular inflammation | CT | NR |
| 10 | Faggiano et al. [100] (2021) |
07 | LBBM | CVD | COVID-19 increased risk of venous thromboembolism | COVID-19 pneumonia D-dimer levels frequently rise two to three-fold | CT | NR |
PS: Patient size, ME: Method of Evaluation, CVD: Cardiovascular Disease, LBBM: Laboratory base biomarker, NR: Not reported, CT: Computer Tomography.