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Overview of prevention and management strategies for diabetic neuropathy. ALA, α-lipoic acid; ALC, acetyl-l-carnitine; FREMS, frequency-modulated electromagnetic neural stimulation; IV, intravenous; NMES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation; PENS, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; SCS, spinal cord stimulation; SNRIs, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants; TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
