Table 3.
Major coronary risk factors and baseline history of MACE by primary or secondary prevention status.
| Characteristic or | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Overall | Alcohol+ | Alcohol− | Overall | Alcohol+ | Alcohol− |
| Baseline Characteristics | ||||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 19.8% | 16.7% | 21.3% * | 54.4% | 55.0% | 54.2% |
| Hypertension | 25.9% | 23.4% | 27.2% | 56.8% | 54.7% | 57.5% |
| Diabetes | 21.8% | 14.1% | 25.8% † | 45.0% | 35.6% | 48.5% † |
| Smoking | 2.3% | 3.8% | 1.5% * | 8.6% | 14.4% | 6.4% † |
| Family History | 4.5% | 5.2% | 4.1% | 19.4% | 19.1% | 19.5% |
| Prior CAD | 0% | 0% | 0% | 76.2% | 70.3% | 78.4% † |
| Prior MI | 0% | 0% | 0% | 12.4% | 10.0% | 13.3% * |
| Prior Stroke | 4.5% | 4.3% | 4.6% | 7.1% | 4.7% | 8.0% † |
| HF History | 9.8% | 9.5% | 9.9% | 13.8% | 11.0% | 14.9% * |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 43.7% | 44.8% | 43.2% | 40.8% | 35.7% | 42.7% † |
| Renal Failure | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.7% * | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.3% |
| PVD | 19.9% | 16.9% | 21.5% * | 39.2% | 34.0% | 41.1% † |
| Angiography: Obstructive CAD | ||||||
| None | 100% | 100% | 100% | 29.5% | 30.0% | 29.3% |
| Mild | 0% | 0% | 0% | 13.4% | 14.4% | 13.1% |
| Significant | 0% | 0% | 0% | 57.1% | 55.6% | 57.6% |
| Hospital Treatment Modality | ||||||
| Medical Only | 100% | 100% | 100% | 71.4% | 70.3% | 71.9% |
| PCI | 0% | 0% | 0% | 25.3% | 26.1% | 25.0% |
| CABG | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 3.1% |
| Longitudinal MACE Outcomes | ||||||
| MI | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 6.2% | 5.7% | 6.4% |
| Stroke | 5.4% | 4.0% | 6.1% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 6.1% |
| HF Hospitalization | 3.4% | 2.3% | 4.0% | 5.7% | 4.8% | 6.1% |
| All-Cause Mortality | 5.3% | 3.4% | 6.3% * | 9.7% | 8.2% | 10.2% |
Alcohol+ = alcholol user. Alcohol− = Alcohol non-user. * p ≤ 0.05 (and p ≥ 0.001) for alcohol− vs. alcohol+; † p < 0.001 for alcohol− vs. alcohol+.