Table 1.
Qualitative Variables by Groups.
| Variable (Absolute Number (Percentage)) |
Group 1 n = 3 |
Group 2 n = 27 |
Group 3 n = 44 |
Group 4 n = 462 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (women) | 3 (100) | 26 (96.3) | 29 (65.9) | 216 (46.7) | 0.0001 |
| Smoker | 0 | 0 | 9 (20.4) | 72 (15.6) | 0.09 |
| Education level | 0.14 | ||||
| Illiterate | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 2 (4.8) | 33 (7.3) | |
| Primary | 0 | 14 (5.8) | 27 (64.3) | 190 (41.9) | |
| Secondary | 2 (66.7) | 7 (25.9) | 10 (23.8) | 170 (37.5) | |
| University | 1 (33.3) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (7.14) | 60 (13.2) | |
| Employed | 1 (33.3) | 10 (37.04) | 16 (36.4) | 177 (38.4) | 0.99 |
| Origin (Urban) | 2 (66.7) | 18 (66.7) | 30 (68.2) | 349 (75.5) | 0.5 |
| Physical activity | 2 (66.7) | 8 (29.6) | 9 (20.4) | 157 (33.9) | 0.17 |
| HBP | 0 | 13 (48.1) | 36 (81.8) | 331 (71.6) | 0.0008 |
| T2DM | 0 | 5 (18.5) | 17 (38.6) | 199 (43.1) | 0.03 |
| Dyslipidemia | 0 | 12 (44.4) | 29 (65.9) | 313 (43.1) | 0.007 |
| Hyperuricemia | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 1 (2.27) | 102 (22.2) | 0.001 |
| HFpEF | 0 | 3 (11.1) | 6 (13.6) | 69 (14.9) | 0.85 |
| HFrEF | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.3) | 19 (4.1) | 0.85 |
| CAD | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 6 (13.6) | 42 (9.1) | 0.7 |
| Stroke | 0 | 0 | 5 (11.3) | 35 (7.6) | 0.3 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 1 (33.3) | 8 (29.6) | 7 (15.9) | 67 (14.5) | 0.15 |
| COPD/Asthma | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 5 (11.4) | 48 (10.4) | 0.88 |
| Cancer | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 0 | 13 (2.8) | 0.004 |
| Arthrosis | 1 (33.3) | 7 (25.9) | 21 (47.7) | 141 (30.5) | 0.11 |
| Depression | 0 | 6 (22.2) | 11 (25) | 98 (21.3) | 0.76 |
| Disability | |||||
| Moderate | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 11 (25) | 93 (20.3) | 0.35 |
| Severe | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 5 (11.4) | 42 (9.15) | 0.35 |
| Previous treatment | |||||
| Glucocorticoids | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 3 (6.8) | 28 (6.1) | 0.9 |
| Metformin | 0 | 3 (11.1) | 14 (31.8) | 156 (33.9) | 0.05 |
| Sulfonylureas | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 3 (6.8) | 9 (1.9) | 0.2 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 3 (6.8) | 38 (8.3) | 0.78 |
| GLP-1 RA | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 5 (11.4) | 78 (16.9) | 0.19 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 0 | 3 (11.1) | 6 (13.6) | 79 (17.2) | 0.6 |
| Insulin | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 10 (22.7) | 54 (11.7) | 0.13 |
| Statins | 0 | 9 (33.3) | 26 (59.1) | 259 (56.3) | 0.02 |
| IBP | 1 (33.3) | 13 (48.15) | 31 (70.4) | 231 (50.2) | 0.06 |
| Antihypertensives | 0 | 14 (51.8) | 33 (75) | 325 (70.8) | 0.007 |
| NSAIDs | 0 | 6 (22.2) | 11 (25) | 65 (14.2) | 0.15 |
| Antidepressants | 0 | 6 (22.2) | 15 (34.1) | 104 (22.6) | 0.27 |
Legend: CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DPP-4 inhibitors: dipeptidyl-dipeptidase 4 inhibitors; GLP-1 RA: glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HBP: high blood pressure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IBP: protons bomb inhibitors; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SGLT2 inhibitors: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data are expressed by absolute number and percentage.