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Swarming ability of cells underproducing hook proteins. Row 1, wild-type (wt) SJW1103 transformed with pTrc99A. Rows 2 to 4, SJW1353(flgE) cells transformed with the following plasmids: pTrc99A, pKM1501 (pTrc99A flgE-W208opal), and pKM1508 (pET22b flgE-W208opal). Swarms are shown in duplicate and after incubation at 30°C for the times indicated.
