Table 2.
Results reported in clinical studies included in the present systematic review.
| Study, Year | Parameters | Outcomes | Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ott, 2015 [23] | Pre-RDN | Post-RDN | |||
| Low cPP | Office SBP, mmHg | 160 ± 16 | 137 ± 16 | p < 0.001 | |
| Office DBP, mmHg | 95 ± 13 | 82 ± 11 | p < 0.001 | ||
| 24 h SBP, mmHg | 155 ± 15 | 144 ± 15 | p < 0.001 | ||
| 24 h DBP, mmHg | 93 ± 12 | 86 ± 10 | p < 0.001 | ||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 76.4 ± 21 | 76.0 ± 22 | p = 0.846 | ||
| High cPP | Office SBP, mmHg | 166 ± 20 | 154 ± 26 | p = 0.003 | |
| Office DBP, mmHg | 85 ± 16 | 80 ± 14 | p = 0.049 | ||
| 24 h SBP, mmHg | 157 ± 16 | 154 ± 23 | p = 0.326 | ||
| 24 h DBP, mmHg | 84 ± 11 | 81 ± 12 | p = 0.059 | ||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 72.1 ± 28 | 70.1 ± 30 | p = 0.243 | ||
| cPP | Office SBP reduction, mmHg | −22 ± 19 in low cPP vs.−12 ± 20 in high cPP | p = 0.038 | ||
| Office DBP reduction, mmHg | −13 ± 11 in low cPP vs.−5 ± 13 in high cPP | p = 0.014 | |||
| 24 h SBP reduction, mmHg | −11 ± 13 in low cPP vs.−3 ± 18 in high cPP | p = 0.07 | |||
| 24 h DBP reduction, mmHg | −8 ± 10 in low cPP vs.−4 ± 10 in high cPP | p = 0.112 | |||
| Okon, 2016 [24] | iPWV | RDN response | OR 1.15 (95% CI, 1.014–1.327) | p = 0.03 | |
| AUC 0.79 (95% CI, 0.658–0.882) | p < 0.0001 | ||||
| 13.7 m/s cut-off: sensitivity 71%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 85.7% | |||||
| Fengler, 2017 [25] | iPWV | Daytime BP response | Patients with iPWV < 14.4 m/s had a better BP response vs. those with iPWV > 14.4 m/s (11.7 ± 12.7 mmHg vs. 7.2 ± 10.4 mmHg) | p = 0.047 | |
| Patients with isolated systolic hypertension in the lowest iPWV tertile had the best BP response vs. those in the middle iPWV tertile | p = 0.012 | ||||
| Patients with isolated systolic hypertension in the lowest iPWV tertile had the best BP response vs. those in high iPWV tertile | p = 0.013 | ||||
| Responder rate | 77% in low iPWV tertile, 50% in middle iPWV tertile and 23% in high iPWV tertile | p = 0.001 | |||
| BP response | Per 1 m/s of iPWV: OR 0.91, 95% CI, 0.83–0.99) | p = 0.037 | |||
| Fengler, 2018 [30] | iPWV | BP response | Patients with iPWV < 13.6 m/s had better BP response than those with iPWV > 13.6 m/s (−13.0 ± 8.7 mmHg vs. −4.1 ± 5.5 mmHg) | p = 0.002 | |
| AUC 0.849, 95% CI, 0.713–0.985 | p = 0.004 | ||||
| AAD | BP response | Patients with AAD above the median (2.0 × 10−3 mmHg−1) had a better BP response than those with AAD below the median (−11.9 ± 6.9 mmHg vs. −5.6 ± 8.8 mmHg) | p = 0.034 | ||
| AUC 0.828, 95% CI, 0.677–0.979 | p = 0.006 | ||||
| Multivariate analysis: OR 6.8, 95% CI, 1.4–34.2—AAD the only predictor for BP response | p = 0.019 | ||||
| cTAC, TAC | BP response | Patients with cTAC or TAC above the median had a better BP response than those with parameters below the median (−11.6 ± 6.8 mmHg vs. −5.5 ± 9.1 mmHg) | p = 0.041 | ||
| cTAC | BP response | AUC 0.776, 95% CI, 0.563–0.989 | p = 0.021 | ||
| TAC | BP response | AUC 0.753, 95% CI, 0.576–0.929 | p = 0.035 | ||
| Fengler, 2022 [16] | iPWV | Daytime BP reduction | β 0.242, 95% CI, 0.054–0.430 | p = 0.012 | |
| 24 h BP reduction | β = 0.232, 95% CI, 0.046–0.419, AUC 0.695 | p = 0.015 | |||
| AAD | 24 h BP reduction | β = −0.243, 95% CI, −0.428 to −0.058, AUC 0.714 | p = 0.011 | ||
| AAD (logarithmic) | 24 h BP reduction | Β = −0.306, 95% CI, −0.484 to −0.128 | p = 0.001 | ||
| TAC | 24 h BP reduction | β = −0.058 | p = 0.61 | ||
| PWV (MRI) | 24 h BP reduction | β = 0.207 | p = 0.07 | ||
| Carotid-femoral PWV | 24 h BP reduction | β = 0.109 | p = 0.34 | ||
| Fengler, 2018 [27] | iPWV | BP reduction | Lower iPWV was associated with a higher rate of profound BP response (per m/s: OR 0.834, 95% CI, 0.724–0.961) | p = 0.012 | |
| Non-invasive pulse pressure | BP reduction | No differences were observed between no or regular BP response as compared to those with profound BP response | p = 0.16 | ||
| Peters, 2017 [28] | PWV | SBP 24 h response | r2 = 0.002 | p = NS | |
| MAP reduction | r2 = 0.001 | p = NS | |||
| Sata, 2018 [29] | AASI | BP response | Responders had lower AASI compared to non-responders (0.47 ± 0.12 vs. 0.54 ± 0.15) | p = 0.031 | |
| 84% of patients from the highest AASI tertile were non-respondent, compared to 42% in the lowest AASI tertile | |||||
| AASI < 0.51 | BP response | OR 2.62, 95% CI, 1.05–6.79 (univariate analysis) | p = 0.038 | ||
| OR 3.46, 95% CI, 1.0–13.3 (multivariate adjustment) | p = 0.04 | ||||
| AASI < 0.64 | BP response | OR 14.0, 95% CI, 2.57–261.37 | p = 0.001 | ||
| Stoiber, 2018 [30] | Aortic distensibility | SBP reduction | −24.0 ± 26.5 mmHg (low distensibility group) vs. −18.5 ± 16.1 mmHg (high distensibility group) | p = 0.770 | |
| DBP reduction | −8.4 ± 14.7 mmHg (low distensibility group) vs. −6.9 ± 9.6 mmHg (high distensibility group) | p = 0.570 | |||
| Weber, 2022 [31] | Augmentation index | 24 h SBP reduction | −8.4 mmHg in the low augmentation index group vs. −0.6 mmHg in the high augmentation index group | p < 0.001 | |
| AUC 0.70, 95% CI, 0.61–0.79 | p < 0.0001 | ||||
| Augmentation pressure | 24 h SBP reduction | −8.5 mmHg in the low augmentation pressure group vs. −0.5 mmHg in the high augmentation pressure group | p < 0.001 | ||
| AUC 0.74, 95% CI, 0.64–0.82 | p < 0.0001 | ||||
| BWA | 24 h SBP reduction | −7.9 mmHg in low BWA group vs. −1.1 mmHg in high BWA group | p < 0.001 | ||
| AUC 0.70, 95% CI, 0.61–0.79 | p < 0.0001 | ||||
| FWA | 24 h SBP reduction | −7.4 mmHg in low FWA group vs. −1.7 mmHg in high FWA group | p = 0.004 | ||
| AUC 0.65, 95% CI, 0.55–0.74 | p = 0.004 | ||||
| ePWV | 24 h SBP reduction | −8.4 mmHg in low ePWV group vs. −0.6 mmHg in high ePWV group | p < 0.001 | ||
| AUC 0.62, 95% CI, 0.53–0.71 | p = 0.03 | ||||
AAD = ascending aortic distensibility; AASI = ambulatory arterial stiffness index; AUC = area under the curve; BP = blood pressure; BWA = backward wave amplitude; cPP = central pulse pressure; cTAC = central pressure total arterial compliance; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; ePWV = estimated aortic pulse wave velocity; FWA = forward wave amplitude; iPWV = invasive pulse wave velocity; MAP = mean arterial blood pressure; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; NS = nonsignificant; RDN = renal denervation; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TAC = total arterial compliance.