Table 1.
Candidate biomarkers in atopic dermatitis.
| Biomarker | Full Name | Purpose | Grade of Evidence | Biologic Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TARC/CCL17 [13,25,27,28,29,30,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,40,53,69] | thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/ C-C motif ligand 17 |
severity predictive prognostic |
high moderate low |
serum and skin |
| PARC/CCL18 [25,27,28,29] | pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine/C-C motif ligand 18 | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum and skin |
| MDC/CCL22 [13,25,27,28,29,30,76] | macrophage-derived chemokine/C-C motif ligand 22 | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum and skin |
| Eotaxin-3/CCL26 [25,27] | eosinophil-attracting chemokine/C-C motif ligand 26 | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum and skin |
| IL-13 [9,25,27,77,78,79,80] |
interleukin-13 | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum and skin |
| IL-22 [25,27,28,29,75,77,78,79,80] |
interleukin-22 | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum and skin |
| IL-31 [13,52,53,54,55,56,57,58] |
interleukin-31 | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum and skin |
| CTACK/CCL27 [13,25,27,33,34,82,83,84] | cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine/ C-C motif ligand 27 |
severity diagnostic/differential diagnosis from psoriasis |
moderate low |
serum |
| sIL-2R [13,28,29] |
soluble IL-2 receptor | severity | moderate | serum |
| IgE [13,40,41,45,46] | immunoglobulin E | severity | moderate | serum |
| CRP [39] | C-reactive protein | severity | low | serum |
| LDH [13,39,40,41] |
lactate dehydrogenase | severity | moderate | serum |
| ECP [13,42,43] |
eosinophil cationic protein | severity | moderate | serum |
| Eosinophil count [40,41,43,44] | severity | moderate | serum | |
| Periostin [9,44,48,49,50] | severity predictive |
moderate low |
serum | |
| DPP-4 [9] | dipeptidyl peptidase-4 | predictive | low | serum |
| CXCL9 [76] | C-X-C motif ligand 9 | predictive | low | skin |
| CXCL2 [76] | C-X-C motif ligand 2 | predictive | low | skin |
| TSLP [70] | thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein | predictive | moderate | skin |
| NMF [59,71] |
natural moisturizing factor | prognostic severity |
moderate low |
skin |
| FLG [47,59,62,65,66,67] | filaggrin | prognostic severity |
moderate low |
serum |
| VEGF [73] | vascular endothelial growth factor | prognostic | low | serum |
| IDO1 [74] | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 | prognostic for eczema herpeticum | low | serum |
| NOS2 [82,83,84] |
nitric oxide synthase 2 | diagnostic/differential diagnosis from psoriasis | low | skin |