Mitophagy and radioresistance were induced by fractionated radiation in lung cancer A549 cells. (a) The survival fractions of cells was fitted by multitarget–single hitting model according to the clonogenic assay. (b) Representative fluorescence images of A549 and A549R cells with or without hydroxychloroquine (50 μM, 24 h), after treated with Mito-Tracker (Red) and Lyso-Tracker (Green) (×40) (Left). The relative fluorescence spot numbers per cell (right). A total of 100 cells were counted for each analysis. (c) The expression of proteins LC3-I, LC3-II and actin (left), and the relative ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in A549 and A549R cells treated with or without hydroxychloroquine (50 μM, 24 h) (right). (d) Relative level of intracellular ROS in A549, A549R cells. * p < 0.05 between indicated groups.