Table 2.
Lid margin telangiectasia, meibomian gland function, and MMP-9 positivity before and four weeks after the last IPL treatment using a vascular filter in patients with moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction.
| Parameter | Before Treatment | 4 Weeks after Last IPL Treatment | p Value 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lid margin telangiectasia |
Upper eyelid (0–3) | 2.71 (0.46) | 1.36 (0.52) | <0.001 |
| Lower eyelid (0–3) | 2.81 (0.40) | 1.45 (0.54) | <0.001 | |
| Meibum color | Upper eyelid (0–3) | 2.95 (0.22) | 1.50 (0.50) | <0.001 |
| Lower eyelid (0–3) | 2.97 (0.18) | 1.50 (0.50) | <0.001 | |
| Meibum consistency | Upper eyelid (0–3) | 2.60 (0.53) | 1.33 (0.47) | <0.001 |
| Lower eyelid (0–3) | 2.79 (0.45) | 1.41 (0.56) | <0.001 | |
| MG grade | 2.53 (0.54) | 1.24 (0.56) | <0.001 | |
| MMP-9 positivity | 90.2% | 70.6% | 0.013 | |
| MMP-9 level | 1.92 (1.18) | 1.24 (1.18) | <0.001 |
MG, meibomian gland; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; IPL, intense pulsed light. Results are presented as mean (standarddeviation). 1 Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test for continuous variables, and the McNemar test for categorical variables.