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Modeling the critical minerals consumption using the TIMES Integrated Assessment Model (TIAM-IFPEN version): comparing the cumulated lithium consumption (2005–2050) and the world resources in 2017. As modeled, only 2 °C scenarios will reach cumulative lithium consumption higher than the 2017 level of lithium reserves (red dotted line); for a 4 °C scenario, the cumulated lithium demand is far under the 2017 reserves [25].
